Absract. Giant clam is one of the most common types of bivalves found in coral ecosystem. Geographically, these clams have limited distribution in the Indo-Pacific tropics, from the Red Sea to the Pacific Islands of Tuamotu. Ecologically, the clam acts as bio-filtration and natural biodeposition. The presence of clams becomes a marker that the waters are still good and the absence of harmful pollutants. The population of this clam in Indonesian waters continues to decline. Anambas archipelago are known for its rich diversity of marine life. Since the establishment of this area became NACA as an ATP in 2014, marine tourism activities grew rapidly. Therefore it is necessary to do this research which aims to know the diversity of species and abundance of clams in the waters of Anambas Islands. Field survey was conducted in August 2015 by using Belt Transect method. The research results found 6 species with D 1 value is 0.593. The overall abundance is 0.144 indv.m -2 . Tridacna crocea has the highest abundance and relative abundance of the highest species of the other species of 60.54%. Meanwhile, the smallest relative abundance is Tridacna gigas which is only 2.36%.
This study aims to determine the suistability and carrying capacity of marine tourism in Mangkian island of the Anambas Islands Marine Tourism Park. The survey was conducted in Mangkian Island, Batu Belah Village, East Siantan District, July to September 2017. Environmental parameters of coral cover (life form), and some aquatic biota strongly support marine tourism activities in this area. The results showed that The level of suitability of maritime tourism is at IKW value for coastal tourism category is very suitable, category diving tour accordingly, and snorkeling tour category according to conditional. The carrying capacity of the area in every tourism activity that is beach tourism 101 people / day, dive tourism 123 people / day and snorkeling tourism is recommended need rehabilitation first. Public perceptions on the management and development of marine tourism, especially in the ecological, economic and socio-cultural aspects of local communities.
Abstract. Putra RD, Siringiringo RM, Suryanti A, Sari NWP, Sinaga M, Hidayati NV, Hukom FD, Abrar M, Makatipu PC, Sianturi R, Ilham Y. 2021. Impact of marine protected areas on economical important coral reef fish communities: An evaluation of the biological monitoring of coral reef fish in Anambas Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4169-4181. The use of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is the core strategy to reduce the impact of the anthropogenic stressor on marine fisheries, especially in reducing the overexploitation of fisheries resources and destructive fishing in which this plays a significant role in the conservation of marine biodiversity and populations. We conducted a study over 4 years to evaluate and assess the impact of MPAs on economically important reef fish in the Anambas Islands. We compared density, size, biomass, and diversity indices from the seven families of coral reef fish (Acanthuridae, Haemulidae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae, Siganidae, and Serranidae) using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) with a total of 12 MPAs stations (70-m transect). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to evaluate and assess reserve protection on the coral reef fish, and several ecological indices were used to compare the potential change of economically coral reef fish diversity. We also measured the rate of change in coral cover to identify the effectiveness of the MPAs. After 4 years of studies, our result showed that there was an increase of economical reefs. Fish diversity, density, and biomass increased by 244%, 257%, and 179% respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of coral cover change among MPAs stations. Economical coral reef fish in Anambas Islands were restored in marine reserve overtimes after fisheries restriction protection, but this does not change the rate of coral cover through time. In addition, the government managed and increased community awareness that significantly influenced decreasing destructive fishing practices and overexploited reef fish species in Anambas Islands but no change in coral cover. The MPAs environmental condition and natural disturbance, including thermal stress and high sedimentation, play a key role in coral cover recovery besides fisheries restriction in the MPAs area.
The coral reef ecosystem has been continuously degraded in various parts of Indonesia, including the Anambas Islands. This research aimed to discover the content of Potassium Cyanide (KCN) accumulated on corals and the effect on indicator fishes abundance in the Anambas Islands. This research was conducted at 25 observation stations in the Anambas Islands National Marine Protected Area. The potassium cyanide (KCN) content was tested with the principle of titration and distillation. The coral samples used ranged from 10-20 g diluted in 100-200 ml distilled water. The method used to determine the abundance of indicator fish was underwater visual census or UVC, which recorded fish in every station. This research recorded 307 fish individuals from 14 species of the Chaetodontidae family. Potassium Cyanide's content on corals was high ranging from 0,009-0,032 mg/L with an average 0,0205 mg/L. We concluded that there was a negative correlation between the content of Potassium Cyanide (KCN) on corals and indicator fishes abundance, which means the higher the Potassium Cyanide content (KCN) is on corals, the lower the indicator fishes abundance will point out.
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