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While most of the literature about INARMA models (integer-valued autoregressive moving-average) concentrates on the purely autoregressive INAR models, we consider INARMA models that also include a moving-average part. We study moment properties and show how to efficiently implement maximum likelihood estimation. We analyze the estimation performance and consider the topic of model selection. We also analyze the consequences of choosing an inadequate model for the given count process. Two real-data examples are presented for illustration.

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This paper introduces a non-stationary bivariate integer-valued moving average of first-order (BINMA(1)) model with corresponding negative binomial innovations under different levels of over-dispersion that are pairwise unrelated. In the proposed BINMA(1), the interrelation between the series is induced by the relation of the current observation with the previous-lagged innovation of the other series, while the non-stationarity is captured through the time-variant covariate specification. Under such condition, the likelihood construction is cumbersome to formulate. Thus, a generalized quasi-likelihood equation based on an exact auto-covariance specification via multivariate thinning structures is proposed to estimate the regression, over-dispersion and dependence effects, and its performance and efficiency measures are compared with other common established techniques: generalized least squares and generalized method of moment based on simulated data from the proposed model under different scenarios of over-dispersion and serial coefficients. The model is further applied to analyze the intraday transactions of two major banks in Mauritius.

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