Natural steroidal hormone estrone (E1) was treated with the white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 under ligninolytic condition with low-nitrogen and high-carbon culture medium. E1 decreased by 98% after 5 d of treatment and the activities of ligninolytic enzymes, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, were detected during treatment, which suggested that the disappearance of E1 is related to ligninolytic enzymes produced extracellularly by white rot fungus. Therefore, E1 was treated with MnP and laccase prepared from the culture of white rot fungi. HPLC analysis demonstrated that E1 disappeared completely in the reaction mixture after 1 h of treatment with either MnP or laccase. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay system, it was also confirmed that both enzymatic treatments completely removed the estrogenic activity of E1 after 2 h. These results strongly suggest that ligninolytic enzymes are effective in removing the estrogenic activity of E1.
Endocrine-disrupting genistein was treated with the white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 under ligninolytic condition with low-nitrogen and high-carbon culture medium. Genistein decreased by 93% after 4 days of treatment and the activities of ligninolytic enzymes, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, were detected during treatment, thus suggesting that the disappearance of genistein is related to ligninolytic enzymes produced extracellularly by white rot fungi. Therefore, genistein was treated with MnP, laccase, and the laccase-mediator system with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator. HPLC analysis demonstrated that genistein disappeared almost completely in the reaction mixture after 4 h of treatment with either MnP, laccase, or the laccase-HBT system. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay system, it was also confirmed that three enzymatic treatments completely removed the estrogenic activity of genistein after 4h. These results strongly suggest that ligninolytic enzymes are effective in removing the estrogenic activity of genistein.
4-tert-Octylphenol (4-t-OP) was treated with the white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 under ligninolytic condition with low-nitrogen and high-carbon culture medium. 4-t-OP completely disappeared after 5 days of treatment and the activities of ligninolytic enzymes, laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP), were detected during this period, thus suggesting that the disappearance of 4-t-OP is related to these extracellular enzymes. Therefore, 4-t-OP was treated with laccase and MnP prepared from white rot fungi cultures. HPLC analysis demonstrated that 4-t-OP completely disappeared in the reaction mixture after 1 h of treatment with either laccase or MnP. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay system, it was also confirmed that laccase and MnP substantially removed the estrogenic activity of 4-t-OP after 1 and 2 h of treatment, respectively. These results strongly demonstrate that ligninolytic enzymes are effective in removing the estrogenic activity of 4-t-OP.
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