Although RAD21 is involved in the repair of double-strand breaks in DNA and is essential for mitotic growth, its role in cancer has been unclear. In this study, the relevance of RAD21 gene expression to the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma was clarified using laser microdissection and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using two different metastatic potential oral squamous cells [high-metastatic-potential squamous cell carcinoma cells (SAS-Ly) and low-metastatic-potential squamous cell carcinoma cells (SAS)], the relation of RAD21 gene expression to apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis was examined. The results showed that RAD21 gene expression was significantly decreased in oral squamous cell carcinoma when it expressed the INFbeta and INFgamma invasion patterns in comparison with the INFalpha invasion pattern (p<0.01). In addition, in comparison with SAS cells, SAS-Ly cells indicated tolerance to cell death induced by an apoptosis induction reagent, while the expression level of the RAD21 gene in SAS cells was increased by the apoptosis induction reagent. However, in SAS-Ly cells, the reagent induced no significant difference. Our findings indicate that the RAD21 gene was closely related to the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells.

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Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a protein tyrosine kinase, has recently been suggested to play a role in signal transduction through integrins. In fact, FAK is involved in cell proliferation and cell motility by performing signal transduction through integrins. FAK-related non-kinase (FRNK) has been found to be an inhibitor of FAK. As the expression level of FRNK in the cell is very low, the study of FRNK has been preferentially performed by gene overexpression, up to the present, and the role of constitutive FRNK in cells remains unclear. We hypothesized that FRNK is involved in the adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and investigated the expression of FRNK by time kinetic analysis shortly after cell seeding. We found that FRNK expression was significantly increased in the cells during the early stage of cell adhesion to the ECM. These data indicated that FRNK plays an important role in cell adhesion during the very early stages of cell culture.

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