BackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) can improve the level of awareness of prolonged disorder of consciousness (pDOC), but its application is restricted due to damage of invasive operation. Short-term spinal cord stimulation (st-SCS) in a minimally invasive manner will better balance the benefits and risks.ObjectivesThis study focuses on the safety and efficacy of st-SCS for pDOC and reveals the modulation characteristics of different frequencies of SCS.Methods31 patients received 2-week st-SCS treatment and 3-months follow-up. All patients were divided into two types of frequency treatment groups of 5 Hz and 70 Hz according to the postoperative electroencephalography (EEG) test. The efficacy was assessed based on the revised coma recovery scale (CRS-R).ResultsThe results showed a significant increase in CRS-R scores after treatment (Z = −3.668, p < 0.001) without significant adverse effects. Univariate analysis showed that the minimally conscious state minus (MCS–) benefits most from treatment. Furthermore, two frequency have a difference in the time-point of the CRS-R score increase. 5 Hz mainly showed a significant increase in CRS-R score at 2 weeks of treatment (p = 0.027), and 70 Hz additionally showed a delayed effect of a continued significant increase at 1 week after treatment (p = 0.004).Conclusionst-SCS was safe and effective in improving patients with pDOC levels of consciousness, and was most effective for MCS–. Both 5 Hz and 70 Hz st-SCS can promote consciousness recovery, with 70 Hz showing a delayed effect in particular.
BackgroundTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique. Several studies have reported the effectiveness of taVNS in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC); however, differences in the modulation paradigm have led to inconsistent treatment outcomes.Methods/designThis prospective exploratory trial will include 15 patients with a minimally conscious state (MCS) recruited according to the coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R). Each patient will receive 5 different frequencies of taVNS (1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 Hz); sham stimulation will be used as a blank control. The order of stimulation will be randomized, and the patients’ CRS-R scores and resting electroencephalography (EEG) before and after stimulation will be recorded.DiscussionThe overall study of taVNS used in treating patients with DOC is still in the preliminary stage of exploration. Through this experiment, we aim to explore the optimal stimulation frequency parameters of taVNS for the treatment of DOC patients. Furthermore, we expect to achieve a stable improvement of consciousness in DOC patients by continuously optimizing the neuromodulation paradigm of taVNS for the treatment of DOC patients.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, identifier ChiCTR 2200063828.
ObjectivesThis study investigated the prognostic effect of electroencephalography (EEG) instant effects of single spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on clinical outcome in disorders of consciousness (DOC) and the time‐dependent brain response during the recovery of consciousness prompted by SCS.MethodsTwenty three patients with DOC underwent short‐term SCS (stSCS) implantation operation. Then, all patients received the postoperative EEG test including EEG record before (T1) and after (T2) single SCS session. Subsequently, 2 weeks stSCS treatment was performed and revised coma recovery scale (CRS‐R) and EEG data were collected. Finally, they were classified into effective and ineffective groups at 3‐month follow‐up (T6).ResultsThe parietal‐occipital (PO) connectivity and clustering coefficients (CC) in the beta band of the effective group at the 1 week after the treatment (T5) were found to be higher than preoperative assessment (T0). Correlation analysis showed that the change in beta CC at T1/T2 was correlated with the change in CRS‐R at T0/T6. In addition, the change in PO connectivity and CC in the beta at T0/T5 were also correlated with the change in CRS‐R at T0/T5.ConclusionSCS may facilitate the recovery of consciousness by enhancing local information interaction in posterior brain regions. And the recovery can be predicted by beta CC in the EEG test.
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