Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN (TAZ) gene, which encodes a mitochondrial acyltransferase/transacylase required for cardiolipin (CL) biosynthesis. Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature of BTHS. During the past four decades, we have witnessed many landmark discoveries that have led to a greater understanding of clinical features of BTHS cardiomyopathy and their molecular basis, as well as the therapeutic targets for this disease. Recently published Taz knockout mouse models provide useful experimental models for studying BTHS cardiomyopathy and testing potential therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize key findings of the clinical features, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches for BTHS cardiomyopathy, with particular emphasis on the most recent studies.
For multi-axle distributed drive (MADD) vehicles, the complexity of the longitudinal dynamics control system increases with the number of driven wheels, which presents a huge challenge to control the multi-motor drive vehicle with more than four wheels. To reduce the control system complexity, this paper proposes a coordinated slip control algorithm using the hierarchical linear quadratic regulator (HLQR) scheme for a 12 × 12 MADD vehicle. The 12-wheel driving system is decoupled based on the wheel load and simplified to a double local subsystem. First, the 12 × 12 MADD vehicle dynamics model is established. Then, the optimal slip ratio is obtained on the basis of the road friction coefficient estimation through a fuzzy control algorithm when the wheel slips. Afterwards, the wheel slip ratio is controlled based on the HLQR program for anti-slip regulation. Furthermore, the driving torque control allocation based on quadratic programming (QR) is coordinated with the anti-slip control. Simulink results show that the proposed coordinated slip control based on HLQR can improve slip control accuracy by more than 30% and greatly reduce the calculation load. The torque control allocation is also limited by the slip control results to ensure wheel dynamic stability and smoothly satisfy the driver’s demand.
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN (TAZ) gene, which encodes a mitochondrial acyltransferase/transacylase required for cardiolipin (CL) biosynthesis. Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature of BTHS. During the past four decades, we have witnessed many landmark discoveries that have led to a greater understanding of clinical features of BTHS cardiomyopathy and their molecular basis, as well as the therapeutic targets for this disease. Recently published Taz knockout mouse models provide useful experi-mental models for studying BTHS cardiomyopathy and testing potential therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize key findings of the clinical features, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches for BTHS cardiomyopathy, with particular emphasis on the most recent studies.
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