Ionic interactions were introduced to styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) through blending with ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (EMAA) and zinc oxide (ZnO), and a following in situ neutralization reaction between the carboxyl groups of EMAA and ZnO. The resultant SBS/EMAA (60/40 wt %) blends containing zinc carboxylate crosslinks exhibited high modulus and strong long-time relaxation characteristics. With 74% of the carboxyl groups neutralized (zinc cation fraction of 1.7 wt %), the tensile strength of the blends was increased from 14.6 to 16.6 MPa, and the stress at 100% extension was increased from 4.8 to 8.1 MPa. The melting temperature of EMAA was utilized to trigger the shape memory behavior of SBS/EMAA, and the reversible ionic bonds endowed SBS with better shape memory and self-healing performance. The shape-fixing ratio and recovery ratio of SBS were increased from 90.2 and 56.5% up to 93.3 and 84.2%, respectively. When the cut surfaces of SBS/EMAA/Zn samples were brought back into contact and annealed at 100 C for 1 h, the strength and the elongation at break were recovered by 36 and 21%, respectively. This introduction of ionic interactions through the EMAA-ZnO neutralization reactions imparts new functions to SBS thermoplastic elastomers.
Multiple heteroatom-doped core/shell carbonaceous framework materials showed a rapid charge–discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability, demonstrating great potential for anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Hierarchically porous carbon nanostructures with intrinsically doped heteroatoms and metal elements are attractive for electrochemical energy storage applications.
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