The citrus spiny whitefly Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) is a pest of citrus plants that is native to South-East Asia. Although serious outbreaks of the tea-infesting whitefly in China, Taiwan and Japan have been attributed to this species over the last 20 years, recent research has shown different host preferences between the two whiteflies. Hence, the two pests have tentatively been differentiated as tea-infesting and citrus-infesting populations. We further compared morphological, acoustic and genomic features between the two populations in Japan. Morphological differences were recognised in the arrangement of spines, porettes and papillae on the dorsal disc and number of marginal crenulations and marginal waxy fringe of 4 th -instar nymphs, as well as wing maculation and genitalic organs of adults. In courtship behaviour, the acoustic properties of male vibratory signals also differed between the two. Furthermore, genetic analysis of mtCOI sequences (759 bp) showed that the tea-infesting population was clearly distinct from the citrus-infesting group, with high bootstrap values. The mtCOI sequence identities were 76.2% between the two populations. Genetic differentiation between the two populations was shown by the high value (0.99650) of pairwise Fst, indicating the sexual isolation of the two populations. Consequently, these two populations are regarded as different representatives, consisting of a sibling relationship, but clearly distinguished from each other as independent genomic populations. Here, we describe the tea-infesting population and propose a new scientific name, Aleurocanthus camelliae Kanmiya & Kasai sp. nov., and a new common name, camellia spiny whitefly, thus distinguishing it from A. spiniferus (Quaintance), the citrus spiny whitefly that constitutes the citrus-infesting population.

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The sex pheromone blend of the butterbur borer, Ostrinia zaguliaevi (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was analyzed by means of gas chromatography‐electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD), GC‐mass spectrometry and a series of wind‐tunnel bioassays. Four EAD‐active compounds were detected in the female sex pheromone gland extract, and these were identified as tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc), (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z9‐14:OAc), (E)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (E11‐14:OAc) and (Z)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z11‐14:OAc). The average amounts ± s.d. of the four compounds in a single sex pheromone gland were 7.9±3.7 ng, 10.1±3.2 ng, 1.1±0.5 ng and 11.6±5.1 ng, respectively. In a wind‐tunnel bioassay, the ternary blend of Z9‐, E11‐ and Z11‐14:OAc at a ratio found in the sex pheromone gland (45:5:50) elicited the same behavioral responses from the males as did virgin females and pheromone gland extract. Removal of any single compound from the ternary blend significantly diminished the pheromonal activity, whereas addition of 14:OAc to the ternary blend had no effect on the males' behavioral responses. Therefore, it was concluded that the sex pheromone blend of O. zaguliaevi is composed of Z9‐14:OAc, E11‐14:OAc and Z11‐14:OAc at a ratio of 45:5:50.

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Field tests of three types of synthetic sex pheromone blend (Japanese blend: Z11-18:Ald (55 mg), Z13-18:Ald (500 mg), Z11-18:OH (120 mg) and Z13-18:OH (180 mg), Indian blend: Z11-16:Ac (50 mg) and Z13-18:Ac (500 mg) and Philippine blend: Z11-16:Ac (500 mg) and Z13-18:Ac (10 mg) based on geographic variations in sex pheromones so far reported) for the rice leaffolder moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), were performed at Nanning, in southernmost China, Hanoi, in northern Vietnam, and on Bohol, an island in the southern Philippines. In all of these tests, only the Japanese blend attracted significant numbers of male C. medinalis, while neither the Indian nor the Philippine blend showed any attractiveness to the males. The results at Nanning and Hanoi, from which the Japanese population may originate from, support the current inference about the migration routes of C. medinalis. On the contrary, the results on Bohol, in the Philippines, were unexpected and showed the presence of a population responding to the Japanese blend, but not to the Philippine blend.