A 64-year-old male with a history of hypertension presented with worsening diarrhea and 25-pound weight loss over the preceding three months. Prior screening colonoscopy was unremarkable, and the patient failed conservative management. On presentation, the patient had orthostatic hypotension associated with prerenal azotemia for which olmesartan (40 mg/day) was held. Initial workup for chronic diarrhea was essentially unremarkable. Then, EGD was performed with small bowel biopsy, which showed a moderate villous blunting and an intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration. Celiac disease was excluded by negative conventional serology tests and the absence of clinical response to a gluten-free diet. In the interim, diarrhea became resolving without any other interventions, and clinical response was achieved even with gluten-containing diet. Two months later, he achieved a complete resolution of diarrhea and regained 20-pound weight. Spruelike enteropathy is a clinical entity manifested by chronic diarrhea and intestinal villous atrophy. Spruelike enteropathy associated with olmesartan as a cause of drug-induced diarrhea is rare, and it has been reported only in a case series to date. This case highlighted the importance for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for olmesartan as a precipitant of spruelike enteropathy.
OBJECTIVES:
Because of the increasing number of detected diminutive colorectal adenomas, the “diagnose-and-do-not-resect” approach has recently attracted attention as an alternative to resection. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in individuals with untreated diminutive adenomas and compared this incidence in individuals without adenomas.
METHODS:
Data from 1,378 individuals who underwent first screening colonoscopy (CS) and at least one follow-up CS without polypectomy were analyzed. Patients with no adenomas or with only nonadvanced diminutive adenomas (<5 mm) diagnosed by magnifying image-enhanced endoscopy were scheduled to undergo a follow-up CS within 5 years after the initial CS without treatment. The participants were divided into 2 groups: those with untreated diminutive adenomas (group A) and those with no adenomas (group B). The cumulative incidence of ACN and the hazard ratio were assessed using Gray's test and the Fine and Gray model.
RESULTS:
During the median follow-up period of 60.9 months, 21 ACNs were detected. The 5-year cumulative incidences of ACN in group A (n = 361) and group B (n = 1,017) were 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5–3.4) and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.3–1.7), respectively, without a statistically significant difference (P = 0.23). No ACNs developed from unresected adenomas. The smoking status was significantly associated with the incidence of ACN, and the hazard ratio for ACN in group A vs group B adjusted for smoking status was 1.43 (95% CI: 0.52–3.90; P = 0.48).
DISCUSSION:
The low 5-year cumulative incidence of ACN suggests the potential to adopt the “diagnose-and-do-not-resect” strategy as an alternative option for diminutive adenomas not requiring excessive surveillance.
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