In order to clarify whether chitin in shrimp meal (SM) a#ects growth performance of broilers adversely, body weight gain, feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention were measured in broilers given diets containing -levels of SM and chitin. In addition, meat and skin color was also measured in the expectation of color intensification by astaxanthin in SM. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed e$ciency decreased numerically in birds given SM diets, but did not change in birds given chitin diets. Dry matter (DM) digestibility decreased with increasing levels of SM and chitin. Chitin digestibility was low (at most ,.ῌ) and tended to decrease with increasing levels of SM and chitin. Ash digestibility decreased with increasing levels of SM but unchanged with increasing levels of chitin. N retention decreased with increasing levels of SM and chitin. The redness of thigh meat was increased by feeding SM. In conclusion, the results obtained here showed that decreased DM digestibility observed in birds given SM diets seemed to be explained by the low digestibility of chitin in SM, and SM may be useful to improve meat color of broilers.
In order to use shrimp meal (SM) made from headless black tiger shrimp waste as a protein source for poultry diets, chemical composition of SM and growth performance, dry matter (DM) digestibility and nitrogen (N) retention in broilers given diets containing SM ranged from *ῌ to +0ῌ were measured. Comparing with the data in the previous reports, SM used in the present study was rich in fiber and ash, hence poor in CP. Amino acid profiles revealed that SM had lower concentration of methionineῌcysteine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, tryptophane than soybean meal. The results of orthogonal polynomials revealed that body weight gain, feed intake, feed e$ciency, DM digestibility and N retention decreased with increasing levels of SM and the results of ANOVA showed that, in most case, these parameters did not change significantly when SM level was at and below 2ῌ. However, these parameters in birds given 2ῌ SM diets did not di#er from those in birds given +,ῌ and +0ῌ SM diets. Taking this into account, the safer level to add SM to a broiler diet seems to be .ῌ. Decreased body weight gain may be resulted from decreased feed intake, feed e$ciency and DM digestibility. In conclusion, it is suggested that SM can be used as a protein source in a broiler diet as far as it is included at and below .ῌ.
Experiments were conducted in situ and in vitro in the ceca to measure ammonia production from uric acid, urea, and amino acids and its absorption. When uric acid was injected into a cecal sac containing mixed cecal microfloras, 77% disappeared within 1 hour, with a concomitant increase in ammonia concentration. When ["Nluric acid was added to the ceca in situ, 28% was converted to ammonia after 30 minutes. About 92% of the ammonia introduced into a cecal sac disappeared from the lumen fluid within 30 minutes. About 43% of each of urea nitrogen and glutamine-arnide nitrogen was converted to ammonia-nitrogen, and 25% of uric acid-nitrogen and E nitrogen of the arginine was found in ammonia. The conversion of aminonitrogen of glutamic acid and glycine to ammonia amounted to 19-20%, whereas that of a-alanine totaled 11%. It is concluded that dietary and urinary nitrogenous compounds that find their way into the ceca are useful nitrogen sources for ammonia production by microflora in the ceca of the chicken, and that ammonia is absorbed rapidly from the ceca.
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