In proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the avoidance and detection of failures such as flooding and dry-out are crucial. Non-destructive measurement approaches using magnetic sensors have been developed for this purpose.To reduce the number of sensors required to be installed in a PEMFC system for evaluation, we propose a control method for PEMFCs using the magnetic flux density as an index. The proposed method determines the failure conditions by calculating a simple current mapping with a reduced number of sensors. The results of four-point magnetic flux densities under failure conditions and stable control using two-point measurement indices are presented.
We present three cases of strong one-staged tendon reconstruction for musculotendinous junction avulsion tendon injuries, and called it a ‘pull-in suture’. The clinical outcomes of this method are comparable to those of tendon transfer; it is an effective reconstruction method that should be considered as an initial treatment procedure.
Bulkiness is patients’ major complaint after free latissimus dorsi (LD) flap. We performed tangential excision debulking at 6–13 days following free LD flap in three patients. No flap necrosis or major complications occurred. Tangential excision debulking during the early phase after free LD flap might be safe and reliable.
Background Intertrochanteric femoral fractures include transverse and reverse oblique fractures. The incidence of implant failure in intertrochanteric fractures is high. The risk factors of perforation and cutout of lag screws or helical blades in intertrochanteric transverse fractures have not been elucidated. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the risk factors of perforation and cutout of lag screws or helical blades in intertrochanteric transverse fractures and propose an effective treatment strategy.Methods Thirty-eight patients with intertrochanteric transverse fractures who underwent surgical fixation with an intramedullary nail between 2013 and 2022 were included in this study. Patients with and without perforation and cutout of the lag screw or helical blade were grouped into group 1 and 2, respectively. To identify the risk factors of perforation and cutout of the lag screw or helical blade, age, sex, laterality, AO/Orthopedic Trauma Association classification, presence of lesser trochanteric fragments and anterior wall comminution, length and thickness of the nail, use of cement augmentation, postoperative quality of reduction, and tip apex distance were compared between the two groups.Results Perforation and cutout of the lag screw or helical blade occurred in eight cases, which were classified into group 1. Thirty patients without implant failure were classified into group 2. All eight cases in group 1 and 14 cases (46.7%) in group 2 had anterior wall comminution; group 1 had a significantly higher rate of anterior wall comminution than group 2 (p = 0.0119). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of items other than anterior wall comminution. Cement augmentation was not used in group 1; in group 2, it was used in eight patients. All eight patients with cement augmentation in group 2 had anterior wall comminution.Conclusions Anterior wall comminution was a risk factor of perforation and cutout of the lag screw or helical blade in femoral intertrochanteric transverse fractures. It may be possible to prevent implant failure using cement augmentation and static locking of the lag screw or helical blade at the insertion of an intramedullary nail.
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