Shin-ichiro Sato (佐藤 真一郎), 1,a) Takuma Narahara (楢原 拓真), 1,2 Yuta Abe (阿部 裕太), 1,3 Yasuto Hijikata (土方 泰斗), 2 Takahide Umeda (梅田 享英), 3 and Takeshi Ohshima (大島 武) 1,3

Anisotropically grown (b-axis short) single-nano TiO2 (B), uniformly hyper-dispersed on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), was successfully synthesized via an in situ ultracentrifugation (UC) process coupled with a follow-up hydrothermal treatment. The uc-TiO2 (B)/MWCNT composite materials enable ultrafast Li(+) intercalation especially along the b-axis, resulting in a capacity of 235 mA h g(-1) per TiO2 (B) even at 300C (1C = 335 mA g(-1) ).

Abstract-Numerical simulations of complex earthquake cycles are conducted using a two-degree-of-freedom spring-block model with a rate-and state-friction law, which has been supported by laboratory experiments. The model consisted of two blocks coupled to each other and connected by elastic springs to a constant-velocity, moving driver. By widely and systematically varying the model parameters, various slip patterns were obtained, including the periodic recurrence of seismic and aseismic slip events, and several types of chaotic behaviour. The transition in the slip pattern from periodic to chaotic is examined using bifurcation diagrams. The model system exhibits typical period-doubling sequences for some parameter ranges, and attains chaotic motion. Simple relationships are found in iteration maps of the recurrence intervals of simulated earthquakes, suggesting that the simulated slip behaviour is deterministic chaos. Time evolutions of the cumulative slip distance in chaotic slip patterns are well approximated by a time-predictable model. In some cases, both seismic and aseismic slip events occur at a block, and aseismic slip events complicate the earthquake recurrence patterns.

Industrial applications of laser diagnostics have been demonstrated for the purpose of clarifying combustor chemical reaction mechanisms, as well as temperature and harmful substance monitoring in large-scale burners and commercial plant exhaust ducts, and the combustion control of commercial plants. Laser induced fluorescence (LIF), laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) have accordingly been applied in various industrial fields. In this study, temperature and species concentration were measured inside gas turbine combustors, a diesel engine, and a large-scale industrial burner using LIF. This technique introduces a new tool with respect to practical combustors for the analysis of NO formation characteristics, turbulent flame front structure, and differences between standard and improved combustors. On-line monitoring of trace elements to the ppb level was also successfully demonstrated using LIBS. The automated LIBS unit was found to be capable of monitoring trace element concentration fluctuations at ppb levels with a 1 min detection time under actual plant conditions. In addition, real-time measurement of O2 and CO concentrations in a commercial incinerator furnace was performed using TDLAS to improve the combustion control. By using the multiple-point laser measurement results to control secondary air allocation, higher secondary combustion efficiency was achieved, and CO concentration (considered to be a substitute indicator for dioxins) was reduced from 11.9 to 8.0 ppm.