This paper investigates the effects of public policy and financial structure on the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Using a panel data set on SMEs in the Japanese manufacturing industry, we examine whether or not the SME Creative Business Promotion Law (CBPL) and financial structure affect firm growth. It is found that SMEs approved by prefectural governors under this law tend to increase assets. Further, we provide evidence that the CBPL and cash flow have an impact on the growth of younger SMEs. Copyright Springer 2006

Using a sample from an original questionnaire survey in Japan, this paper explores whether and how founders' human capital affects innovation outcomes by start-ups.The results provide evidence that founders with greater human capital are more likely to yield innovation outcome. However, because certain types of founders' human capital may boost R&D investment, which possibly results in innovation outcomes, we estimate the determinants of innovation outcomes by an instrumental variable probit model taking into account the endogeneity of R&D investment. Our findings suggest that specific human capital for innovation, such as founders' prior innovation experience, is directly associated with innovation outcomes after start-up, while generic human capital, such as founders' educational background, indirectly affects innovation outcomes through R&D investment.JEL Classification: L24; M13; O31

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This paper investigates firm growth as the post-entry performance of new start-up firms. Using data on Japanese manufacturing firms founded during 1992-1996, the determinants of growth among new start-up firms are identified. The effect not only of firm-specific characteristics, but also of entrepreneur-specific, industry-specific and local characteristics on firm growth are examined. It is found that younger and small-sized firms are more likely to grow among the start-ups. It is also found that entrepreneur's age and educational background affect the growth of start-ups. It is not shown, however, that industry specialization induces the growth of start-ups.

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