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Cardanol, derived from renewable resources, exhibits good plasticizing efficiency for PLA, meeting “double green” criteria.

Partially biobased thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) with shape memory properties were prepared by in situ dynamic vulcanization of eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) and polyolefin elastomer (POE). The cross-linked EUG phase dispersed in POE matrix acted as a framework structure throughout the POE phase, which limited irreversible deformation of POE and provided sufficient resilience force to drive the POE molecular chains to recover their initial shape. The shape memory results demonstrated that EUG/POE TPVs exhibited excellent shape memory properties with high shape fixity and shape recovery rate (all above 95%). The EUG with the dimensions of 0.4–1.6 μm dispersed in the POE matrix, and the more EUG phase resulted in large EUG aggregates. The cross-linked EUG phase considerably improved the permanent deformation of POE, and the tensile set linearly decreases from 134% to 4% with increasing EUG contents. The mechanical and shape memory properties of EUG/POE TPVs changed little after being reprocessed twice, exhibiting good reprocessability. All of these remarkable advantages make EUG/POE TPVs good candidates for shape memory materials.

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Background Hip osteoarthritis is a common disabling condition of the hip joint and is associated with a substantial health burden. We assessed the epidemiological patterns of hip osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Methods Age-standardized rates (ASRs) were obtained for the incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of hip osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2019 for 21 regions, encompassing a total of 204 countries and territories. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASRs were calculated to evaluate the trends in the incidence and DALYs of hip osteoarthritis over these 30 years. Results Globally, from 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of hip osteoarthritis increased from 17.02 per 100,000 persons to 18.70 per 100,000 persons, with an upward trend in the EAPC of 0.32 (0.29–0.34), whereas the age-standardized DALY rate increased from 11.54 per 100,000 persons to 12.57 per 100,000 persons, with an EAPC of 0.29 (0.27–0.32). In 2019, the EAPCs of the ASIR and age-standardized DALY rate of hip osteoarthritis were positively associated with the SDI of hip osteoarthritis. In 1990 and 2019, the incidence of hip osteoarthritis was unimodally distributed across different age groups, with a peak incidence in the 60–64-year-old age group, whereas the DALYs increased with age. Conclusions The incidence and DALYs of hip osteoarthritis have been increasing globally. The EAPCs of the ASIR and age-standardized DALY rate were particularly significant in developed regions and varied across nations and regions, indicating the urgent need for governments and medical institutions to increase the awareness regarding risk factors, consequences of hip osteoarthritis.