The transition of electric power industry to a new technological platform based on the concept of smart power grids with an active-and-adaptive network will allow to increase the efficiency of control, durability and reliability of power supply systems. The idea of applying the intelligent algorithms to control power grids becomes more pressing in case of wide using the distributed generation plants (DGP) and other grid active elements that allow to control power grid operation modes. The article describes the DGP consisting of synchronous generators that operate in various modes and often with poor power supply quality. To provide the parallel operation stability of synchronous turbo/ hydro generators of DGP, automatic excitation regulator (AER) and automatic regulator of rotor speed (ARRS) are used. Due to low inertia constant of distributed generation unit rotors, the problem of matched tuning of AER and ARRS becomes more topical. To increase stability and reliable integration of DGP in power grids, a control system built on a neurofuzzy match system is proposed. The system corrects AER/ ARRS settings. In this case, the following smart technologies were used: genetic algorithm to search optimal settings of AER and ARRS; a neuro-fuzzy network to identify an operation mode of a DGP and power grid; fuzzy interference to correct settings of AER/ ARRS in various modes of DGP operation. Based on modelling done in MATLAB system the efficiency of using the proposed neuro-fuzzy match system to identify DGP operation modes and to adaptively control matched tuning of AER and ARRS of synchronous generators is shown. If using the intellectual control system, one can decrease transition process time, generator voltage / frequency overcontrol, as well as provide reliability and durability of a power system in various operation modes of a DGP and power grids.
For decentralized power generation, small-capacity asynchronized generators (AGs) can be used, which are able to yield a number of positive effects in comparison with conventional synchronous machines: higher stability limits, wider reactive power adjustment ranges, simpler synchronization with the grid due to the ability to control the EMF phase, and the possibility to maintain synchronous operation in case of failure in one of the field windings. The article describes the model of a grid equipped with asynchronized generators with automatic excitation and rotor speed control systems, which is developed in the MATLAB software package environment. Normal and emergency operation modes of a 35 kV grid with distributed generation plants based on asynchronized machines under the conditions of degraded electric power quality due to the presence of electric traction loads are simulated. The influence of AGs on emergency and post-emergency modes are determined, and the harmonic distortion levels are estimated. For comparison, the grid operation modes are simulated for the case of using synchronous machines as generation sources. The influence of higher harmonic components on the performance of the proposed automatic control system is analyzed. The obtained study results have shown that with using asynchronized generators, better control processes and better quality of electric power are obtained in comparison with those in a grid equipped with synchronous machines; in addition, the stability limits are increased, and the synchronization processes are simplified.
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