Active remanufacturing is an important technique that is used to reduce the uncertainty of the quality of remanufactured cores. However, the implementation of active remanufacturing too early or late will lead to a reduction in economic benefits and an increase in environmental impact during the whole life cycle of the product. To this end, an active-remanufacturing-timing decision method is proposed based on an economic, energy and environmental (3E) analysis of product life cycle. In this method, the quantitative function of the cost, energy consumption and environmental emissions of used products in the manufacturing stage, service stage, and remanufacturing stage are firstly constructed based on life-cycle assessment (LCA) and life-cycle cost (LCC). Then, a multi-objective optimization method and the particle swarm algorithm are utilized to obtain active-remanufacturing timing with the optimal economic and environmental benefits of remanufacturing. Finally, a case study on remanufacturing on used engines is demonstrated to validate the proposed method.
Green design pursues maximum economic efficiency and minimum environmental impact. Green design of mechanical equipment can ensure environmentally friendly design and manufacturing. A rust-off machine is a crucial piece of equipment in remanufacturing. As attention to remanufacturing grows, the demand for rust-off machines is gradually increasing, but their green characteristics have not attracted attention. There is a need to carry out a green design for a rust-off machine that can improve its economy and environmental friendliness. In response to this need, in this study, a green design method for a rust-off machine was developed, combining the strengths of quality function deployment for environment (QFDE) and function analysis. In this method, functional analysis was used to determine the mapping relationship between functions and components. QFDE was used not only to determine the relationship between customer requirements and engineering metrics, but also to establish the relationship between engineering metrics and components and to obtain optimal structural solutions. A green design of a steel plate surface rust-off machine was taken as a case study. The results show that this method can achieve a win-win design that achieves maximum economic benefit and environmental protection.
The operating environment and using conditions of mechanical products are complex and diverse, which has caused a large number of mechanical products to be unable to be remanufactured or have low-remanufacturability. Such products are often ignored by remanufacturing companies and society, which aggravates environmental pollution and waste of resources. Therefore, this article provides a decision-making model for two strategies of complete machine remanufacturing (CMR) and part remanufacturing (PR) for used products with low-remanufacturability. Firstly, from the perspective of the remanufacturing process under the existing technical conditions, the economic, environmental, and social benefits of different remanufacturing solutions are analyzed. Secondly, the entropy method is used to weigh the economic, environmental, and social benefits to reduce the model error, and the linear regression method is used to find the comprehensive benefits of its different remanufacturing strategies. Finally, through the decision-making research on the remanufacturing strategies of the used machine tool CA6180, the results show that the tested machine tool should choose the remanufacturing strategy of PR and put it on the market. Moreover, the decision-making strategy proposed in this paper helps to realize a resource-saving and environment-friendly manufacturing ecology and provides a new perspective for remanufacturing research.
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