Food security is among the most important aspects of our physical health; it is necessary to live a full and peaceful life. Food security is a wide term that encompasses more than crop production since it necessitates taking into consideration geographical and temporal variability, along with economic and physical availability. Drought and salt stress are two major variables that restrict agricultural yield. These pressures are expected to worsen as a result of climate change, posing even greater threats to global food security. Earth remote sensing (ERS) using unmanned aerial vehicles is operational monitoring of the state of fields, the quality of processing of fallow lands; provides control of the degree of weediness of fields during the period of spring fieldwork, which makes it possible to rationally distribute agricultural machinery for closing moisture, intermediate treatments and pre-sowing chemical treatments sowing quality control; monitoring the vegetation index makes it possible to construct effective schemes for plant feeding, as well as effectively distribute agricultural machinery during the harvesting period, depending on the degree of crop maturation. The yield mapping system allows evaluating the effectiveness of precision agriculture techniques, making it possible to accumulate data on productivity zones, considering the actual yield.
The most important stage of the transition to precision agriculture is the assessment of spatial heterogeneity of fields and the calculation of doses of differentiated fertilization. Modern means of differentiated application of fertilizers allow you to make different doses of mineral fertilizers in the designated elementary areas. Therefore, when composing soil and agrochemical maps, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of each field with high accuracy. To do this, in the conditions of production of «Agricultural experimental station «Zarechnoye» LLP, scientists conducted agrochemical surveys and compiled digital agrochemical maps. Based on the results of calculating the economic efficiency of differentiated application of mineral fertilizers, it is worth noting an increase in the cost of fertilizer application at different levels of mobile phosphorus availability. However, this event was profitable in all its variants. Thus, the application of mineral fertilizers during sowing provided an increase in profitability relative to the control options from 11.7 to 40.3%. These indicators were achieved not only due to the growth of the crop, but also due to the higher price for high-quality products.
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