The book presents the recent achievements in the use of renewable energy sources, chemical processes, biomaterials for the efficient production of hydrogen, its storage and use as a fuel in the FC-based power systems. Novel results were obtained within two research programs, namely, the NATO Science for Peace G5233 project “Portable Energy Supply” (2017-21) and the priority program of the NAS of Ukraine "Development of scientific principles of the production, storage and use of hydrogen in autonomous energy systems" (2019-21). The priority program was implemented by the leading institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and contained three focus areas: efficient materials and technologies for the production, storage and use of hydrogen. This includes the development of new functional materials for the fuel cells and the application of the latter in autonomous power supply systems. 4-years NATO's project was implemented by a consortium led by the Institute for Energy Technology (Coordinator; NATO country - Norway) together with the institutes from the NATO partner country – Ukraine – belonging to the NAS of Ukraine: Physico-Mechanical Institute, Institute for Problems of Materials Science and Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry. The work included the studies of H2 generation by the hydrolysis of MgH2, Al and NaBH4, analysis of the mechanisms of these processes and selection of the most efficient catalyzers. The project successfully developed a system integrating hydrolysis process and a PEM fuel cell.
This work reports on the preparation and characterization of Sr2+-doped Ba7Nb4MoO20 powders prepared by a solid-state synthesis as promising materials for solid oxide fuel cells. The influence of synthesis parameters and strontium content (x = 0; 0.05; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20) on the phase composition and properties of (Ba1-xSrx)7Nb4MoO20 powders was studied. The results of the phase analysis show that (Ba1-xSrx)7Nb4MoO20 (x = 0; 0.05; 0.10) powders with a minimum amount of secondary phases can be obtained after at least three repeated synthesis cycles at 1060–1080 оС for 10 h. According to the laser diffraction analysis, the synthesized powders comprise particles with a polydisperse size distribution spreading from 0.05 μm to 12 μm and average particle size of 2.1 μm. Electron microscopy observations support these findings and demonstrate that the particles and their aggregates have rounded irregular shape. Moreover, it was found that the morphology and particle size of the powder does not depend on the strontium content. Doping (Ba1-xSrx)7Nb4MoO20 with 15 mol.% and 20 mol.% Sr2+ leads to the formation of a significant amount of secondary phases due to exceeding the solubility limit of strontium, thus making these compositions unsuitable for use in solid oxide fuel cells.
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