The purpose of the article is to study the impact of the ICT sector on economic development of countries based on the comparative analysis of this sector development in some Eastern European countries. Within the article, economic development of the outlined countries in 2010-2019 was studied and analyzed. The analysis of the impact of the ICT sector on the GDP formation allowed to single out certain groups of countries under this indicator and to identify the characteristics that are inherent to them. Using the correlation-regression analysis made it possible to analyze the ICT impact on economies development of Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Authors paid a special attention to the study of the influence of various factors on the ICT sector development. Accordingly, an analytical study of the dependence of the ICT sector weight in the GDP of the countries on the following parameters: enterprises that employ ICT specialists; enterprises that provided training to develop/upgrade ICT skills of their personnel; percentage of the ICT personnel in total employment; using Internet for Internet banking, % of individuals; enterprises who have ERP software package to share information between different functional areas; enterprises selling online (at least 1% of turnover), % of enterprises; online purchase in the last 12 months, % of individuals; enterprises having received orders via computer mediated networks, % of enterprises. Within the article, the features of the ICT sector development in the COVID-19 context are examined, and it is analyzed how the pandemic has affected the development of this sector in long and short terms. The study showed that the ICT sector today already plays a key role in the development of the national economies. Countries where the sector is developing faster show better performance and economic development.
Leadership as a social phenomenon accompanies mankind throughout its existence. In different historical epochs, attempts were made to study leadership qualities on the basis of a description of the personalities of great people. As a result, the idea of leadership quickly evolved as the accumulation of theoretical and empirical material, revealing new facets of this complex phenomenon. In foreign social sciences, the theory of leadership has developed in several directions and by now a number of complementary theories and concepts have been developed, which predetermines the need to describe their continuity and development. For this reason, the purpose of the paper is to analyse the basic theories and concepts of leadership, as a sociopsychological phenomenon, the most significant in the context of studying the formation of the leader as an organizational leader. Methodology. The methodological and informational basis of the investigation is scientific articles, materials of periodicals, resources of the Internet. To achieve the goal set, the following general scientific and special methods were used: morphological analysis, system and structural-logical analysis, formalization, analogy, comparison and integration, tabular method. Results. As a result of the research, a brief historical overview of approaches to the study of leadership was given; the logical continuity of the basic concepts and methods of research was considered; the main current trends in leadership research in recent years were revealed. Practical implications. In order to realize the leadership potential, it is necessary to know what determines leadership, on what it depends. Thus, the problem of studying the phenomenon of leadership in a modern organization is relevant; the considered theories of leadership can be applied by managers depending on the level of economic development of the organization. Value/originality. The authors identified current trends in the theory of leadership and possibilities of their further development.
The relevance of the digitalization process for policymaking is increasing every year, and it is the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic that has highlighted the need for digital transformation, especially in education. Governments around the world are trying to minimize the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the forced transition to online learning. The global ambition to establish a continuous educational process. The digitalization process has its advantages and disadvantages, the process is scalable, and the field of education and policymaking covers virtually the entire population. The object of the study is the process of digital transformation of educational policy. The purpose of the study is to analyze and justify the directions of digitalization, modeling policy in education and science in Ukraine and abroad. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development of the European Union pays special attention to the digitalization of education. This process is being transformed through reflection in documents, policies, strategies, and more. The focus areas are the development and implementation of national digital skills strategies and the formation of national digital skills and digital jobs coalitions, according to the European Union Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition. In Ukraine, the development of digital skills of the population is one of the government's priorities in the process of digital transformation and is crucial for efficiency, stimulating the economy, creating jobs, and ensuring social progress. Over the past 5 years, several important documents have been adopted, projects and programs have been implemented to accelerate the digitalization process, and institutions responsible for the efficiency of digitalization have been created. Today, the main stakeholders in the implementation and implementation of the process of digitalization of educational policy are the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine – these are the founders and reformers in the formation of relevant programs, new directions in the education system, which are aimed at improving the digital literacy of the population.
The purpose of this research article is to analyze the volume and structure of healthcare services in Ukraine in order to determine promising directions for the work of the national healthcare system, as well as to ensure the specified development parameters of the industry.To achieve this purpose, the research was conducted using the materials of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the data of the Ministry of Health to analyze the volume and structure of healthcare services in Ukraine in order to determine promising directions for the work of the national health care system, as well as to ensure the specified development parameters of the industry. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general and special methods, namely: system analysis with the aim of a comprehensive characterization of the strategic potential of the healthcare industry; statistical analysis (the standard deviation method) with the aim of analyzing the structure of healthcare facilities of Ukraine; the dynamics of the volume of sold products (goods, services) of business entities that provide services in health care and social protection; synthesis and comparison in diagnosing the state of the regional structure of private medicine in Ukraine and the dynamics of capital investment volumes of enterprises providing healthcare services.It has been established that at the current stage of the functioning of the healthcare market, the sources of funding for state medicine cannot fully provide the healthcare system with the necessary financial resources, introduce new methods of payment for health care and services, as well as improve the system of mandatory health insurance.Budget institutions should carry out marketing research, increase the level of comfort in the provision of healthcare services, increase the level of efficiency of the existing resource potential, especially human resources; develop, improve and diversify new types of services, and create decent conditions for organizing healthcare services.Paid healthcare services are characterized by the significant potential for growth, which is determined by the needs of the market and the population of the country. This segment of the economy is extremely promising in the direction of obtaining alternative opportunities for treatment and recovery in more comfortable conditions in accordance with the growing requirements for the quality of healthcare services and the availability of an individual approach to each patient.
The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the economic instruments for the implementation of strategic management in universities. Methodology. This study combines economic and managerial analysis of higher educational management. In this study, a set of general scientific and special research methods was used to achieve the goal of the study. The method of logical analysis of the literature was used. The functional, structural and economic analysis was used with purpose to research the main economic tools of realization strategic management in universities. Comparative analysis and synthesis methods were used to study different types of economic and strategic instruments. Using the method of generalization, conclusions and recommendations were made to improve the mechanism of strategic management used in the educational sphere. As the information base for the study the works of scholars in the field of strategic and educational management were used. Findings. The article analyzes the process of strategic management based on the concept of balanced scorecard in the university. The authors used an adaptive mechanism to develop and implement a strategy in the management system of the university. A set of indicators assessing the process of implementing strategic management was proposed. Management influence indicators, primary control factors, development indicators and financial outlook were analyzed. The management system of the university on the basis of strategic management was described, in which the correspondence between the economic indicators of the university and its organizational structure is presented. Challenges to the further implementation of strategic management in developing countries are considered. Practical implications. The results of this study form the methodological and practical basis for improving management processes in developing countries. The results of the study can become the basis for the formation of effective educational management, ensuring the continuous development of universities.
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