This study is aimed to describe the condition of inputs, processes, products on the implementation of Rural Entrepreneurship/City Entrepreneurship KWD/KWK, and to obtain information about the program KWD / KWK in helping to solve the unemployment problem through the activity of entrepreneurship in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study is categorized as program evaluation research. The research uses survey as the research method. The Evaluation approach uses CIPP (Context, Input, Process and Product), and the Kirkpatrick evaluation model, which includes 4 levels of evaluation, namely the reaction, learning, behavior and result. The results of the evaluation described descriptively. The research is conducted in Yogyakarta. The technique of collecting data uses interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis was performed with descriptive interpretive techniques. The results illustrate that based on the conditions of context, input and output execution process KWD/KWK generally meets the criteria set by the specified standard, so the quality requirements proposed in the guidelines for the implementation can still be used. Refers to the demands of a set that is 80% of participants are able to get a job or perform entrepreneurial work, the program KWD/new KWK still reaches 74% of participants. However, KWK/KWD is generally considered as a good program to tackle unemployment, it has improved the standard of living of the participants into 34.53%, increase productivity into 64.24%, and increased entrepreneurial attitude into 75%. While detention to perform self- employment can be identified by the participants come from themselves is 60.86%.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui (1) hubungan antara sentuhan media massa, status sosial ekonomi dan perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional baik secara sendiri-sendiri maupun secara bersama, (2) pengaruh tempat tinggal terhadap perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional, dan (3) perbedaan perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional antara siswa putra dan siswa putri. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Umum (SMU), Madrasah Aliyah (MA), baik negeri maupun swasta se Kotamadya Yogyakarta Tahun 1998/1999. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 18.332. Subyek penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik "multi stage random sampling" dan diperoleh sampel sebesar 376. Data tentang sentuhan media massa, status sosial ekonomi, tempat tinggal, dan jenis kelamin dijaring dengan teknik kuesioner, sedangkan data perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional dijaring dengan teknik food frequency. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tingkat perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional di kalangan siswa SMU Negeri, SMU Swasta, MAN dan MAS pada taraf yang kurang; (2) ada hubungan negatif yang sigmfikan antara sentuhan media massa dan perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional sebesar rxiy = -0,163, semakin sering seseorang melihat, mendengar, atau membaca iklan makanan nontradisional akan semakin rendah perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional; (3) ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara status sosial ekonomi dan perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional sebesar rx2y = -0,150, semakin tinggi status sosial ekonomi orang tua akan semakin rendah perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional; (4) tidak terdapat perbedaan perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional di kalangan siswa SMU di Kodya Yogyakarta dilihat dari daerah asal (Fhh 0,091 < F^w 3,02); (5) ada perbedaan perilaku konsumsi makanan tradisional antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan (t ^ -4,77 > ttabd 1,64), perilaku mengkonsumsi makanan tradisional pada siswa perempuan lebih tinggi dari pada siswa laki-laki; dan (6) terdapat hubungan yang berarti secara bersama-sama antara sentuhan media massa, status sosial ekonomi dan perilaku konsumsi makanan tradisional. Besamya Ryj2 = 0,219, koefisien determinan R =0,048 serta harga F regresi 9,409 lebih besar dari F tabel = 3,02 pada dk (2:373) taraf signifikansi 5%. Sumbangan secara nyata faktor sentuhan media massa dan status sosial ekonomi terhadap perilaku konsumsi makanan tradisional sebesar 4,8% dan sisanya ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Hypoglycemic patients who receive 40% dextrose (D40%) concentrated solution in the correction process need to avoid excessive blood glucose spikes. Administration of D40% was found in two different ways, through intravenous infusion (iv infusion) and intravenous bolus (iv bolus) and the effects of both types of administration were unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a hypoglycemia treatment protocol using D40% concentrated solution to the post-correction blood sugar response through iv infusion and iv bolus at two different hospitals with two distinct protocols. This comparative analytical cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively at St. Carolus Hospital (D40% iv infusion group) and Bella Hospital (D40% iv bolus group). Blood glucose responses, in form of coefficient of variation and degree of overcorrection, were compared between groups. The overall median blood glucose response was 69.5 (3–195) mg/dL for iv infusion group (n=60) and 77 (15–249) mg/dL for iv bolus group (n=62) (p=0.259). The coefficient of variation with iv infusion and iv bolus group were 47.18% and 52.75%, respectively. The median of degree of overcorrection in iv infusion group was lower compared with iv bolus group, 10% (0–138%) versus 23% (0–195%), respectively. Both D40% protocols did not have a significant correlation with the degree of overcorrection (Mann-Whitney test; p=0.099). D40% iv infusion and bolus administration had no effect to the post-correction blood sugar response.Keywords: Blood glucose, dextrose 40%, hypoglycemia, intravenous bolus, intravenous infusion Perbandingan Efek Protokol Manajemen Hipoglikemia dengan Larutan Pekat Dekstrosa 40% secara Intravena Infus dan Intravena Bolus terhadap Respon Gula Darah PascakoreksiAbstrakPasien hipoglikemia yang menerima larutan pekat dekstrosa 40% (D40%) dalam proses koreksinya perlu menghindari lonjakan gula darah yang berlebih. Cara pemberian D40% diberikan dengan dua cara yang berbeda yaitu melalui intravena infus (iv infus) dan intravena bolus (iv bolus), dan efek dari kedua jenis pemberian tersebut belum diketahui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan efek protokol manajemen hipoglikemia dengan larutan pekat D40% secara iv infus dan iv bolus terhadap respon gula darah pascakoreksi di dua rumah sakit dengan protokol yang berbeda. Penelitian analitik komparatif secara potong lintang ini dilakukan secara retrospektif di RS St. Carolus (kelompok iv infus D40%) dan RS Bella (kelompok iv bolus D40%). Respon gula darah, dalam bentuk koefisien variasi dan derajat overkoreksi, dibandingkan antara kedua kelompok. Median kenaikan gula darah pada kelompok iv infus D40% 69,5 (3–195) mg/dL (n=60 pasien) dan kelompok iv bolus D40% 77 (15–249) mg/dL (n=62 pasien) (p=0,259). Koefisien variasi dengan iv infus adalah 47,18% dan iv bolus 52,75%. Median derajat overkoreksi iv infus D40% lebih rendah dibandingkan iv bolus D40%, dengan masing-masing 10% (0–138%) dan 23% (0–195%). Kedua cara pemberian D40% tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan derajat overkoreksi (uji Mann-Whitney; p=0,099). Pemberian iv infus dan bolus D40% tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap respon gula darah pascakoreksi.Kata kunci: Dekstrosa 40%, gula darah, hipoglikemia, intravena bolus, intravena infus
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