The water regime on the reclaimed lands changes significantly during the year, and its possible change must be established or predicted in advance at the project stage. From the main characteristics of the water regime of soil, it is possible to reliably predict changes in moisture reserves and, worse, the dynamics of groundwater levels. Prediction of changes in moisture reserves in soil is carried out using “water balance calculations”. The results of long-term field research have shown that the main factors causing surface runoff are: the amount and intensity of precipitation, the initial moisture content of the upper soil layers, the slope and condition (agricultural use) of the site surface. The feasibility of using a variable runoff boundary in calculating the water balance of ameliorated soil is shown. The results of field experiments on the study of surface runoff in conditions of loamy soil are presented. Two-factor dependences of the daily runoff from precipitation and soil moisture have been obtained in case of its various agricultural uses.
In Russia, potatoes are one of the main food and industrial crops. At the same time, a number of difficulties arise in the process of growing it due to unstable weather conditions. It is shown that the use of copper nanoparticles and 1% liquid-phase biological product against the background of organic meliorant allows to increase potato yield and improve agrochemical indicators of gray forest soil. Keywords: COPPER NANOPARTICLES, LIQUID-PHASE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT, COMPOST, POTATOES, YIELD, GRAY FOREST
Land reclamation is important in the development of agricultural production for unfavorable climatic conditions. This necessitates the improvement of scientific and methodological approaches to the creation and operation of water management and reclamation facilities, including drainage systems, which are adapted to these changes. Approaches to the type and design of drainage systems based on a combination of a modern progressive optimization approach with the traditional water balance method, hydrodynamic and hydraulic methods are presented. Approaches to the systemic optimization of technological and design solutions for the creation and operation of drainage systems have been determined. It seems that the drainage system is a complex natural and technical ecological and economic system. Finding the general optimum in such a system based on the system optimization consists in substantiating local optima for all its main components of heterogeneous elements in the system effect - mode - technology - design in their interconnection. The practical implementation of a complex of predictive-simulation and optimization calculations in projects for new construction, reconstruction and modernization of drainage systems based on the developed scientific, methodological, information and software can be carried out using the appropriate toolkit, which is CAD and modern BIM technologies. The transition to optimization methods will improve the feasibility and overall technical, technological, environmental and economic efficiency of the creation and operation of water management and reclamation facilities in accordance with modern requirements.
Soil plays the main role in the sustaining life of Earth ecosystems –it is thefundamental foundation of agriculture resources, food security, economy andenvironmental quality. The heavy metal pollution has been increasing inagricultural soils worldwide. For example, Cu is widely used as a pesticide againstfungal and bacterial diseases in crops or as a contaminant in organic amendments,or for irrigation as pig manure or sewage sludge. Soil and water pollution have thegreat impact on food safety and to human health: polluted soils have direct healthrisks, and secondary risk is connected to contamination of water supplies. Thearticlepresents the lysimetric experiment with the chemical composition results.This exploratory study aims to evaluate the influence of agrochemical rehabilitationon the heavy metal migration to the water. The chemical composition of intrasoil water has shown that contaminated black soil has a high absorption capacity ofheavy metals. The bulk of heavy metal brought about in a form of water-solublesalts wasabsorbedand converted by soil colloids of podzolized chernozemintorelatively stable compositions. Results of the analytical research showed thatorganic and organic-mineral systems, where phosphates were used in the averagevolume of 60 kg of Р2О5per hectare a year, reduced intake of cadmium in thesubsurface water. Mineral systems also impeded migration of zinc and copper tothe ground water. On the contrary, high doses of superphosphate in the fertilizersystem increased the leaching of Cd, Pb and Cu to the infiltration waters.
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of granulated and rotted turkey litter on the growth, development and yield of perennial grasses, the quality of sod-podzolic soils newly introduced into agricultural circulation. The research results have shown that the most optimal dose of application for obtaining high yields of perennial grasses and increasing soil fertility is 15 t/ha of granulated turkey litter. Keywords: PERENNIAL GRASSES, YIELD, GRANULATED AND ROTTED TURKEY LITTER, SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL
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