Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with europium(III) hydroxide nanorods (center figure) indicate the internalization of these nanorods to the cytoplasm of the cells. Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay of HUVECS treated with the nanorods shows the formation of vascular sprouting, which supports in vivo angiogenesis.
The Mn-doped CdS nanocrystals encapsulated by carbon (Cd1−x
Mn
x
S/C) were synthesized by a one-step, kinetically controlled, solid-state reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperatures. The ∼50 nm wurtzite Cd1−x
Mn
x
S core was encapsulated by a 5−11 nm disordered carbon shell, and with the increase in Mn concentration, a gradual change from isotropic nanocrystals to one-dimensional nanorods was observed. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies showed that Mn2+ could be efficiently doped into the CdS lattice up to a Mn:Cd atomic ratio of 0.012. The 0.9−1.8 atomic % manganese-doped CdS samples were found to be ferromagnetic at room temperature, and the magnetic moment did not saturate even at 2 K, likely due to the coexistence of superparamagnetic fractions and antiferromagnetic coupling between the Mn2+ spins. The lowest-doped samples (Mn:Cd = 0.009 and 0.012) display the highest magnetic moments (4.43 ± 0.04 and 4.52 ± 0.04 μB/Mn), respectively. The more concentrated samples exhibit weaker magnetic moments (2.85 ± 0.03 μB/Mn for Mn:Cd = 0.018) as a result of antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn2+ second neighbors. Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy experiments were performed from 50 to 300 K to assess the temperature dependence of emissions related to the CdS near band edge, the Mn intra d-shell 4T1 → 6A1 transition, defect-related surface state transitions, and the effect of surface passivation with carbon. The temperature-dependent spectral line shape variations, the emission intensities, and energies of the various components were examined for each Mn doping density to evaluate the incorporation of Mn2+ into the host CdS nanocrystal lattice.
In this article, a simple microwave route was applied for the synthesis of nanoflakes and dendrite-type beta-indium sulfide (In2S3) in high yield (> 97%), using a homogeneous mixture of indium(lll)chloride and thiourea in an ethylene glycol (EG)/polyethylene glycol (PEG400) solvent. The reaction was conducted in a simple domestic microwave oven (DMO). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), low resolution and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (LRTEM and HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were applied to investigate the crystallinity, structure, morphology, and composition of the In2S3 nano-materials. Both the as-synthesized and calcined In2S3 products were a body-centered tetragonal (bct) phase, observed by XRD and HRTEM. The length and width of the resulting nanoflakes were in the range of 70-600 nm and 4-10 nm, respectively. The optical band gap of the powder was determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and was found to be 2.44 eV. The electronic properties of the products were studied by measuring the optical absorption spectra using photoacoustic spectroscopy. The band gap calculated by this method was found to be 2.52 eV. A possible mechanism for the formation of nanoflakes/dendrites-type In2S3 was also discussed.
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