We established a monoclonal antibody (DEM-1) that recognizes UV-induced DNA damage other than cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or (6-4)photoproducts. The binding of DEM-1 antibody to 254 nm UV-irradiated DNA increased with subsequent exposure to UV wavelengths longer than 310 nm, whereas that of the 64M-2 antibody specific for the (6-4)photoproduct decreased with this treatment. Furthermore, the increase in DEM-1 binding was inhibited by the presence of the 64M-2 antibody during the exposure. We concluded that the DEM-1 antibody specifically recognized the Dewar photoproduct, which is the isomeric form of the (6-4)photoproduct. The DEM-1 antibody, however, also bound to DNA irradiated with high fluences of 254 nm UV, suggesting that 254 nm UV could induce Dewar photoproducts without subsequent exposure to longer wavelengths of UV. Furthermore, an action spectral study demonstrated that 254 nm was the most efficient wavelength for Dewar photoproduct induction in the region from 254 to 365 nm, as well as cyclobutane dimers and (6-4)photoproducts, although the action spectrum values in the UV-B region were significantly higher compared with those for cyclobutane dimer and (6-4)photoproduct induction.
In the past, skincare products have only focused on the function of caring for the skin. In practical use, however, base makeup products such as foundations are applied on dried cosmetic films of skincare products. Generally speaking, in order to obtain a natural finish, the foundations should be applied evenly. Hence, we aimed to develop new formulations of skincare products which have excellent compatibility with makeup foundations. Silicone surfactants provide a lower surface tension than hydrocarbon surfactants. Due to this low surface tension, excellent spreading capacity and skin compatibility are thought to be obtainable. We reported a novel silicone surfactant, 3-10-carboxydecyl-1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyl trisiloxane CDTS and found an α-form hydrated crystalline phase often referred to as α-gel, especially in the cosmetics field , composed of CDTS, polyoxyethylene 5 mol glyceryl monostearate GMS-5 , fatty alcohol, and water. In this study, we first investigated the fundamental physical properties of CDTS. The water solubility of CDTS is quite low ca. 17 μmol/L and its approximate pK a is 5.7 at 20 ºC. Titration curves also indicated that CDTS is a weak acid. We observed a microemulsion ME phase containing CDTS, GMS-5, fatty alcohol, dimethicone, and hydrogenated polydecene. A novel fine nanoemulsion, whose diameter was less than 100 nm, was obtained by the dilution of the microemulsion phase with the water phase. The obtained fine emulsion was applied for tribology tests. Tribological characteristics indicated that the fine emulsion containing the CDTS α-form hydrated crystal is superior to conventional fine emulsions composed of polyoxyethylene 60 mol hydrogenated castor oil, from the viewpoint of low friction at application. Moreover, powder foundation could be applied evenly on the dried cosmetic film of fine emulsions containing CDTS.
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