Abstract. The article describes the results of scientific research in the sphere of urban techno-sphere pollution caused by industrial enterprises activity and vehicles gases. It is shown that transport influences greatly the air environment pollution in Russian cities. Methodological approaches to assessing the health risks for urban residents are described. The main statements of the methodology managing the health risks of the urban population are given.
Some manufacturing processes are accompanied by significant noise and vibration. Sources of intense noise and vibration are machines and mechanisms with unbalanced rotating masses, as well as technological installations and apparatuses in which the movement of gases and liquids occurs at high speeds and has a pulsating character. The modern development of technology, equipping enterprises with powerful and fast- moving machines and mechanisms leads to the fact that people are constantly exposed to noise of increasing intensity. Increasing noise and vibration in the workplace has a harmful effect on the human body. As a result of prolonged exposure to noise, the normal activity of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, digestive and hematopoietic organs is disturbed, and professional hearing loss develops, the progression of which can lead to complete hearing loss. Among industrial hazards, noise and vibration occupy one of the leading places among production hazards. The harmful effects of increased noise levels on the human body are well khown, therefore, the relevance of this problem is obvious.
Mathematical modeling is an effective and cost-effective alternative to a trial physical experiment in solving problems associated with the development of new technologies and equipment. The paper is devoted to modeling the deformation process of a feather quill when rolling by a ribbed roller on a flat surface to form thorough kneading on its concave side, providing additional bending. The technology is used to enhance the Executive ability (“Fill Power” measure) of feather stock of land birds, which are used for manufacturing down-feather products, as an alternative to increasingly scarce and expensive feahers of waterfowl. This is especially true for products with a short service life, intended for use in the rectifying natural disasters and the consequences of accidents. The developed mathematical model allows us to investigate the dependence of the resistance force of the roller on the design parameters of the working body: the knurling pitch; the angular size of the flute; the diameter of the riffle vertices. Stresses arising in the structure of the quill under the action of compressive load, when loading and removing the load in an arbitrary cross-section of a feather quill have different values and are described by the corresponding regression models. The solution of the system of regression equations together with the kinematic equations of motion of the working body allows to determine the strength of resistance and power requirement of the deformation of feather quill of land birds to improve the “Fill Power” of feather stock. The dependence of the total rolling resistance force for the working body and the chicken feather quill of the given parameters obtained on the model is given.
The article presents the results of an analysis of modern research in the field of organic waste processing. To solve the problem, anaerobic bioconversion method was chosen. The data of experimental laboratory experiments on the selection of a consortium of microorganisms’ methanizing waste from poultry farms with maximum efficiency are presented.
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