The broad-spectrum UV filter oxybenzone is toxic to plants at environmentally relevant concentrations. Lysine acetylation (LysAc) is one of the essential post-translational modifications (PTMs) in plant signaling responses. The goal of this study was to uncover the LysAc regulatory mechanism in response to toxic exposures to oxybenzone as a first step in elucidating xenobiotic acclimatory reactions by using the model Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis. A total of 6124 sites on 2497 proteins were acetylated, 63 proteins were differentially abundant, and 162 proteins were differentially acetylated under oxybenzone treatment. Bioinformatics analysis showed that a large number of antioxidant proteins were significantly acetylated under oxybenzone treatment, implying that LysAc alleviated the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inducing antioxidant systems and stress-related proteins; the significant changes in acetylation modification of enzymes involved in different branches of carbon metabolism in plants under oxybenzone treatment mean that plants can change the direction of carbon flow allocation by regulating the activities of carbon metabolism-related enzymes. Our results profile the protein LysAc under oxybenzone treatment and propose an adaptive mechanism at the post-translational level of vascular plants in response to pollutants, providing a dataset reference for future related research.
A hydroponic experiment was used to study the effects of different nitrogen supply levels [1) control: 0.3835 mmol/L (labelled 1/20N for CK); 2) 1/5N (1.534 mmol/L); 3) 1N (7.67 mmol/L); 4) 2N (15.34 mmol/L); 5) 3N (23.01 mmol/L)] on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. The results showed that after 9 d of treatment, the starch and sucrose contents in the leaves of the plants showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing nitrogen concentration, with the peak occurring in the medium nitrogen (1N) treatment; however, increased nitrogen application reduced glucose and fructose accumulation. The enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism (GDH) tended to increase and then decrease with increasing nitrogen concentration, with the highest values occurring in the medium nitrogen (1N) treatment group, while the enzyme activity of NADH-GOGAT showed the opposite trend, with the lowest values occurring in the 2N treatment group. A total of 6383 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the leaf transcriptome analysis, which are involved in the glycolysis tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism pathways, and related transcriptional regulatory pathways were constructed. Thus, this study reveals the mechanisms of tomato leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism in response to nitrogen supply levels at the physiological, biochemical and transcriptional regulatory levels, providing valuable insights for further understanding nitrogen metabolism mechanisms and guiding nitrogen utilization in tomato.
Nickel (Ni) is an essential trace element for plant growth and a component of the plant body that has many different functions in plants. Although it has been confirmed that nickel ions (Ni2+) havea certain regulatory effect on nitrogen (N) metabolism, there are not enough data to prove whether exogenous Ni2+ can increase the carbon (C) and N metabolism in the roots of tomato seedlingsunder low-nitrogen (LN) conditions. Therefore, through the present experiment, we revealed the key mechanism of Ni2+-mediated tomato root tolerance to LN levels. Tomato plants were cultured at two different N levels (7.66 and 0.383 mmol L−1) and two different Ni2+ levels (0 and 0.1 mg L−1 NiSO4 6H2O) under hydroponic conditions. After nine days, we collected roots for physiological, biochemical, and transcriptome sequencing analyses and found that the activities of N assimilation-related enzymes decreased at LN levels. In contrast, Ni2+ significantly increased the activities of N assimilation-related enzymes and increased the contents of nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), and total amino acids. Through root transcriptomic analysis, 3738 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. DEGs related to C and N metabolism were downregulated after LN application. However, after Ni2+ treatment, PK, PDHB, GAPDH, NR, NiR, GS, GOGAT, and other DEGs related to C and N metabolism were significantly upregulated. In conclusion, our results suggest that Ni2+ can regulate the C and N metabolism pathways in tomato roots to alleviate the impact of LN levels.
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