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Two-dimensional (2D) carbide Ti 3 C 2 was synthesized by exfoliating Ti 3 AlC 2 in HF solution and used for supercapacitive performance investigation in 3 M KOH electrolyte. The specific surface area (SSA) of as-synthesized Ti 3 C 2 was 22.35 m 2 /g. Ti 3 C 2 -based supercapacitor electrodes exhibited good energy storage ability and had a volumetric capacitance 119.8 F/cm 3 at the current density of 2.5 A/g. Moreover, the addition of carbon black into Ti 3 C 2 powders greatly improved the performance of Ti 3 C 2 -based capacitors because carbon black restrained the preferred orientation of 2D Ti 3 C 2 , providing fast ion transport channels, and in turn, decreasing electrical resistance from 16.7 Ω to 3.5 Ω.

Surface-modified ZnS nanoparticles have been fabricated, and the morphologies and crystalline structures of the powder have been characterised by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformation infrared spectrum. The tribological properties of the surface-modified ZnS (SM-ZnS) nanoparticles as an additive in PEG400 were evaluated with a four-ball tester. It was found that the as-prepared SM-ZnS nanoparticles had a very narrow size distribution, with the average diameter about 5-10 nm. The SM-ZnS nanoparticles as the additive led to an obvious improvement in the anti-wear and frictionreduction properties of the synthetic PEG400. Analysis indicated that a boundary film was formed during the friction process.

Hierarchical TiO 2/carbon nanocomposites were synthesized by oxidation of two-dimensional (2D) Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets at different temperatures. Crystal structures and morphologies of the obtained samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that 2D Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets are partially oxidized to form a novel hierarchical nanostructure which is composed of carbon nanosheets and TiO 2 nanoparticles. With the calcination temperature increasing, the crystal structure of TiO 2 nanoparticles changes from anatase to rutile and the hierarchical structure was gradually destroyed. The photodegradation results reveal that the samples obtained at 200°C and 285°C show much better photocatalytic properties than P25. And meanwhile the photocatalytic property will become worse with the increase in calcinations temperature.

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Hierarchical Cu 2 O nanostructures have been successfully fabricated on a large scale using copper acetate and glucose as starting reactants, CTAB as an additive via a microwave-assisted process. The in°uences of CTAB dosage and reaction time on the morphology of the products were investigated. The resulting Cu 2 O nanostructures were characterized by means of X-ray di®raction (XRD) and¯eld emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FESEM images show that the Cu 2 O nanostructures are microsphere, which are composed of nanoparticles. The concentration of CTAB plays a key role in the growth of Cu 2 O nanostructures under experimental conditions. The possible formation mechanism of these hierarchical Cu 2 O nanostructures has been proposed. Meanwhile, the catalytic performances of these Cu 2 O microspheres for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated using DSC. The results revealed that Cu 2 O have a great in°uence on the thermal decomposition of AP. The additions of Cu 2 O powders lower the high decomposition temperature of AP.