A novel low-phosphorus terpolymer, used as scale, corrosion inhibitor, and dispersant for iron oxide, was prepared through free-radical polymerization reaction of acrylic acid (AA), oxalic acid-allypolyethoxy carboxylate (APEM), and phosphorous acid (H 3 PO 3 ) in water with redox system of hypophosphorous and ammonium persulfate as initiator. Structure of the synthesized AA-APEM-H 3 PO 3 terpolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and 1 H-NMR. The polymer possesses excellent scale inhibition performance for CaCO 3 , outstanding ability to disperse ferric oxide, and good corrosion inhibition properties. The study showed that AA-APEM-H 3 PO 3 exhibited excellent ability to control calcium carbonate scale, with approximately 90.16% CaCO 3 inhibition at a level of 8 mg/L AA-APEM-H 3 PO 3 . The data of the light transmittance showed that, compared to hydrolyzed polymaleic acid and polyepoxysuccinic acid, AA-APEM-H 3 PO 3 had superior ability to control iron ions scaling. The light transmittance of the solution was about 24.1% in the presence of the terpolymer when the dosage was 8 mg/L. Moreover, the corrosion inhibition efficiency could reach up to 79.77% at a dosage of 30 mg/L, with ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonic acid just 39.62%. Scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray powder diffraction analysis were used to investigate the effect of AA-APEM-H 3 PO 3 on morphology of calcium carbonate scale. The low-phosphorous terpolymer has also been proven to be effective inhibitor of calcium carbonate even at increasing solution temperature, pH, and Ca 21 concentration. The proposed inhibition mechanism suggests the surface complexation and chelation between the functional groups AP(O) (OH) 2 , ACOOH and Ca 21 , with polyethylene glycol segments increasing its solubility in water.

In this study, we synthesized a novel double-hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based crystal growth modifier polyethylene glycol double-ester of maleic anhydride/acrylic acid named PEGDMA/AA, whose structure was still linear but also had some differences from a traditional chelating linear polymer, in which the PEG segment was incorporated. The scale inhibition behavior of PEGDMA/AA was evaluated by means of a static scale inhibition method. As the polymerization degree of PEG n DMA was 8 (n 5 8), the maximum inhibitory toward calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ) were 89.0 and 98.8% at dosage levels of 12 and 3 mg/L, respectively. Comparisons with other inhibitors were also carried out. Characterization of the CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 scales with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy proved that great changes in the size and morphology of the calcium scales took place under the influence of PEG 8 DMA/AA. X-ray diffraction and diffraction patterns further confirmed the impact of PEG 8 DMA/AA as a crystal growth modifier. The three supposed mechanisms, (1) chelating solubilization, (2) multilayer type of adsorption, and (3) electrostatic repulsion function, are also described in detail. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014, 131, 39792.

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