Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in the regulation of seed dormancy, germination, and deterioration in plants. The low level of ROS as signaling particles promotes dormancy release and triggers seed germination. Excessive ROS accumulation causes seed deterioration during seed storage. Maintaining ROS homeostasis plays a central role in the regulation of seed dormancy, germination, and deterioration in crops. This study highlights the current advances in the regulation of ROS homeostasis in dry and hydrated seeds of crops. The research progress in the crosstalk between ROS and hormones involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination in crops is mainly summarized. The current understandings of ROS-induced seed deterioration are reviewed. These understandings of ROS-dependent regulation on seed dormancy, germination, and deterioration contribute to the improvement of seed quality of crops in the future.
Seed vigor is an important trait for tobacco production. However, the evaluation of seed vigor using molecular biomarkers is scarcely reported in tobacco. In this study, the development of molecular marker isopropylmalate synthase NtIPMS was conducted to detect seed ageing degree and seed priming effect in tobacco. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of NtIPMS was significantly induced at the initial imbibition stage during seed germination. The NtIPMS expression was positively correlated with the degree of seed ageing in non-pelleted and pelleted seeds. The mRNA level of NtIPMS was gradually increased with the increasing degree of seed ageing. The early best effect of gibberellin priming was observed in 30-h primed seeds, and the highest expression of NtIPMS was observed in 12-h primed seeds. The best stop time-point of seed priming is likely at the time 18 h after the relatively higher NtIPMS expression occurred during seed priming process. The NtIPMS mRNA detection has the potential usage as a potential molecular marker for the evaluation of seed vigor in tobacco.
Seed ageing is an important issue for the long-time seed storage of tobacco. Seed priming has been popularly applied in tobacco production. In this study, the development of molecular marker genes encoding proteins L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase NtPIMT1 and 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 NtOGG1 to detect the degree of seed ageing and the effect of seed priming is conducted in tobacco. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis reveals that relatively higher mRNAs of NtPIMT1 and NtOGG1 are observed in the dry and early germinating seeds. The expressions of NtPIMT1 and NtOGG1 are negatively correlated with the degree of seed damage in non-pelleted and pelleted seeds after accelerated ageing treatments. The early best effects of gibberellin (GA3) priming on speed and uniform germination are observed in 33 h primed seeds, and relatively lower expressions of NtPIMT1 and NtOGG1 are observed in priming seeds. NtPIMT1 and NtOGG1 genes have potential for use as molecular markers in detecting the seed ageing degree and priming effect of tobacco.
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