No abstract

The findings of this study indicated that uneventful osseointegration may be predictable on applying OSFE whether with or without grafting in atrophic posterior maxilla. Spontaneous new bone formation seemed to be expected with implants placed using OSFE without simultaneous grafting.

BackgroundExperimental data suggest that mitochondria is involved in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the qualitative and quantitative changes of mtDNA in colorectal cancer tissues. We therefore conducted possible correlations of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in colorectal cancer (CRC) with clinical and pathological findings and CRC prognosis.MethodsmtDNA copy numbers in CRC cancer tissue and adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses from 60 patients admitted to our hospital. We examined the correlation of mtDNA copy numbers and clinicopathologic parameters of CRC patients. The correlation between mtDNA copy number and three-year survival was analyzed.ResultsThe mtDNA copy number was lower in CRC tissue compared with the corresponding non-cancerous colorectal tissue (mean: 108.60 ± 20.11 vs. 153.68 ± 25.72) and was significantly correlated with lymph-node metastasis. Patients with a lower mtDNA copy number tended to have lower 3-year survival than patients with a higher mtDNA copy number assessed by Kaplan–Meier curves, but the correlation was not significant (overall survival, 63.0 vs 83%).ConclusionsThese results suggest that a reduced copy number of mtDNA is correlated with malignant potential in CRC.

Compared to the most-studied non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with linear skeletons, multi-dimensional NFAs with largely conjugated extension in multiple directions may contribute to more efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) due to...

In this study, within the framework of Fokker-Planck equation, and using the method of characteristics as well as the variational method, performance of thermodynamic machines is optimized by reducing the irreversible work Wirr. Upper bounds of output work W , output power P , and energy efficiency η are obtained. Examples with explicit expressions for W, P and η are also presented.

In this study, the minimum of work needed to drive a thermodynamic system from one initial distribution to another in given time duration is obtained. Equivalently, for given work, the minimum of time duration needed to complete such transition process is obtained. Our results show that, the minimum of work increases with the change of internal energy and friction coefficient, while decreases with the change of entropy and time duration. The results of this study are valuable for the understanding of nonequilibrium thermodynamic, especially for the design and optimization of stochastic heat engines.

No abstract

Molecular motors convert chemical energy into mechanical work while operating in an environment dominated by Brownian motion. The aim of this paper is to explore the flow of energy between the molecular motors and its surroundings, in particular, its efficiency. Based on the Fokker-Planck equation with either N or infinite chemical states, we find that the energy efficiency of molecular motors, whether the Stokes efficiency or the usual thermodynamic efficiency, is strictly less than one, because of the dissipation of the energy in both the overdamped surroundings and in the process of the chemical reaction.