The critical behavior of isobaric heat capacities per unit volume for a series of critical binary solutions {benzonitrile + octane, or dodecane, or hexadecane} and {dimethyl carbonate + nonane, or decane, or dodecane} were studied. The corresponding exponent was obtained to be in consistent with the 3D-Ising value. The amplitudes in one-phase and two-phase regions were deduced, which were used to test some critical amplitude ratios. Analysis of the dependence of the effective critical exponent of the heat capacity on the temperature indicated a critical crossover from the 3D-Ising to the mean-field for all the studied systems. It was found that the heat capacity does play an important role for describing the asymmetric criticality of coexistence curves by the complete scaling theory.

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An efficient protocol is described for producing cyclic carbonates in good to excellent yields under moderate reaction conditions (100.0 °C, 1.0 MPa) by treating epoxides with carbon dioxide, promoted by a series of azolate ionic liquids, which are effective, recyclable, metal-free, and halide-free catalysts.

BackgroundThe role of stress signals in regulating gastric cancer initiation and progression is not quite clear. It is known that stress signals modulate multiple processes such as immune function, cell migration and angiogenesis. However, few studies have investigated the mechanisms of how stress signals contribute to gastric cancer angiogenesis.MethodsHere, we used β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist isoprenaline to imitate a stress signal and demonstrated the molecular mechanism underlying stress’s influence on tumor angiogenesis.ResultsWe found that isoprenaline stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in gastric cancer cells and plexin-A1 expression was induced by human recombinant VEGF165 in both gastric cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, interfere with plexin-A1 expression in gastric cancer cells influence HUVEC tube formation, migration and tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that isoprenaline stimulate VGEF secretion and subsequently up-regulate the expression of plexin-A1 and VEGFR2 in gastric cancer cells, which form a positive impetus to promote tumor angiogenesis. This study reveals a novel molecular mechanism that a stress signal like isoprenaline may enhance angiogenesis via activating plexin-A1/VEGFR2 signaling pathway in gastric cancer, which may be a potential target in development of an anti-angiogenic therapy for gastric cancer.