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A colorimetric multifunctional phototransmittance‐based structural durability monitoring system is developed. The system consists of an array with four indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)‐based phototransistors, a light source at a wavelength of 405 nm through a side‐emitting optical fiber, and pH‐ and Cl‐selective color‐variable membranes. Under illumination at the wavelength of 405 nm at corrosion status, the pH‐ and Cl‐responsive membrane, showing a change in their color, generates a change in the intensity of the transmitted light, which is received by the phototransistor array in the form of an electrical current. Ids and R (Ids/IpH 12) are inversely proportional to the pH, which ranges from 10 to 12. When the pH drops from 12 to 10, the magnitude of Ids and R increases to ≈103. In the case of Cl detection, Ids and R (Ids/ICl 0 wt%) increase nearly 50 times with an increase in Cl concentration of 0.05 wt%, and when the Cl concentration reaches 0.30 wt%, Ids and R increase to ≈103 times greater. This multifunctional colorimetric durability sensing system demonstrates considerable potential as a novel smart‐diagnostic tool of structural durability with high stability, high sensitivity, and multifunction.

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Structured entities are commonly abstracted, such as from XML, RDF or hidden-web databases. Direct retrieval of various structured entities is highly demanded in data lakes, e.g., given a JSON object, to find the XML entities that denote the same real-world object. Existing approaches on evaluating structured entity similarity emphasize too much the structural inconsistency. Indeed, entities from heterogeneous sources could have very distinct structures, owing to various information representation conventions. We argue that the retrieval could be more tolerant to structural differences and focus more on the contents of the entities. In this paper, we first identify the unique challenge of parent-child (containment) relationships among structured entities, which unfortunately prevent the retrieval of proper entities (returning parents or children). To solve the problem, a novel hierarchy smooth function is proposed to combine the term scores in different nodes of a structured entity. Entities sharing the same structure, namely an entity family, are employed to learn the coefficient in aggregating the scores, and thus distinguish/prune the parent or child entities. Remarkably, the proposed method could cooperate with both the bag-of-words (BOW) and word embedding models, successful in retrieving unstructured documents, for querying structured entities. Extensive experiments on real datasets demonstrate that our proposal is effective and efficient.

In this study, γ-dicalcium silicate (γ-C2S) was incorporated into ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to sequester CO2 to enhance the carbonation resistance of cement-based composite materials. γ-C2S can react with CO2 rapidly to form vaterite and high dense SiO2 gel which could block the pores off and then inhibit further diffusion of CO2 into the system. Cement mortar specimens containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% γ-C2S as cement replacement were prepared. After water curing for 28 days followed by curing in an environmental chamber for 28 days, the specimens were then exposed to an accelerated carbonation with 5% CO2 concentration for 28 days. The carbonation depth of the cement mortar with a low replacement rate (5% and 10%) was lower than that of the OPC mortar at all ages due to the sequestration of CO2 by γ-C2S. However, the cement mortar with a high replacement rate (20% and 40%) showed less carbonation resistance due to the dilution effect of γ-C2S replacement and increase in initial porosity caused by nonhydraulic characteristic of γ-C2S.

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