Summary: Background: A 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) gene has been reported to enhance the plasma levels of PAI-1, which plays an important role in fibrinolysis disorders and venous thromboembolism, but a large number of studies have reported inconclusive results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to analysis these associations. Materials and methods: We performed a publication search for articles published before April 2019 by using the electronic databases of web of Science, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, CBM and WanFang data with the following terms “PAI-1”, “polymorphism”, “Venous Thromboembolism”. Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Statistical analyses were undertaken using Stata 14.0. Results: A total of 27 studies, with 3135 patients and 5346 controls were included. Overall, the variant PAI-1 4G/4G and PAI-1 4G/5G was associated with venous thromboembolism risk, compared with the PAI-1 5G/5G allele in the populations included in the analysis. Stratified analysis revealed that PAI-1 4G/4G and PAI-1 4G/5G genotypes were associated with an increased VTE risk among Asia populations in all five genetic models. Conclusions: The PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism may be a potential biomarker of VTE risk, particularly in Asia populations. Further larger studies with multi-ethnic populations are required to further assess the association between PAI-1 4G/4G polymorphisms and VTE risk.

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Background: Many studies have reported that the effects of danhong injection on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, its effects are still not well understood. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of danhong injection in the management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and China biomedical literature database will be searched without limitations of language and geographical location. Two researchers will independently conduct research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessment. The RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 14.0 software are used for statistical analysis. Results: This study will provide high-quality comprehensive evidence for the effectiveness and safety of danhong injection in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions: The results obtained from this study will define the basis for the effectiveness and safety of danhong injection in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

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Backgroud The association between thrombomodulin gene (THBD) c.1418 C>T polymorphisms and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms and the risk of VTE. Methods Computer searches were performed on the CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to June 2022. Case-control studies and cohort studies of THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms associated with VTE were included. The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and literature quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14.0 software. Results A total of 12 literature were included, including 2980 cases in the case group and 3649 cases in the control group. The meta-analysis results showed no significant association of the THBD c.1418 C> T polymorphisms with the occurrence of VTE (T vs C: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 0.93–1.48; TT vs CT+CC: OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.75–1.33; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 0.94–1.59). Subgroup analyses revealed an increased risk of VTE in Asian populations due to THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms (T vs C: OR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.06–2.07; TT vs CT+CC: OR = 1.80, 95%CI = 1.13–2.85; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.07–2.32). THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms increased the risk of DVT (T vs C: OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.24–1.85; TT vs CT+CC: OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.10–3.12; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.28–2.11). THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms reduced the risk of VTE in non-Asian populations (TT vs CT+CC: OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.45–0.98). Conclusion THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms is associated with VTE in Asian population, which may be a factor in the occurrence of VTE in Asian population. THBD c.1418 C>T polymorphisms increases the risk of DVT. Given the limitations of this meta-analysis, the conclusions require being further supported by large-scale and high-quality studies.