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Highly luminescent CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are very attractive for applications in power-generating devices. The CsPbBr3 QD solution and its corresponding solid films were satisfactorily prepared. The obtained QDs were characterized by various techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, and photoluminescence and radioluminescence spectroscopy. The performance of the CsPbBr3 QD films as an energy conversion material in radioluminescent nuclear batteries was analyzed and discussed. The output performance of different nuclear batteries based on CsPbBr3 QD films was compared and the feasibility and advantages of using them as radioluminescent layers were investigated. On this basis, a long-term equivalent service behavior study was conducted to evaluate the irradiation stability of the CsPbBr3 radioluminescent layer and predict the service life of this type of nuclear battery. The distribution state and penetration depth of hydrogen ions in the films were analyzed and evaluated using physics simulation software. Optical and electrical characteristics confirmed that this perovskite material could offer an efficient, stable, and scalable solution for energy conversion and photoelectric detection in the future.

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Summary Radioluminescent nuclear battery is a type of energy conversion device that can be miniaturized, which has the ability to convert nuclear energy into light energy, and again into electrical energy. To explore the response relationship between the phosphor layer structure and the electrical performance of radioluminescent nuclear battery, the physical model was established to research the deposition energy distribution by using Monte Carlo method. The radioluminescence spectra and current‐voltage characteristic curves were used to investigate the optical and electrical properties. Through a comprehensive comparison of single plane layer, double plane layer, and V groove layer structures, the simulated results are consistent with experimental results. The results indicate that the Monte Carlo simulation is applicable to analysis of the phosphor layer structure of radioluminescent nuclear battery. Additionally, the results also show that the structure type and physical parameters of the phosphor layer have great influence on the energy deposition. A suitable phosphor layer structure can provide a new route to exhibit higher energy conversion efficiency as well as improving the matching degree between the range of radioactive particles and the thickness of the phosphor layer.