BackgroundFew studies have attempted to compare the differences in the prevalence and impact factors of hysterical tendencies (HTs) in adolescents. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of adolescents’ HTs across three eastern Chinese provinces (Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang).MethodsA multicenter, school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in three provinces (Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang) in China in 2014. The sample included 10,131 middle-school students aged 13–18 years who were randomly selected using a multiphase, stratified, cluster sampling technique. A two-stage appraisal procedure was used to determine the adolescents’ HTs. We also designed a multicenter, school-based, case control (1329 cases with 2661 control individuals) study to collect data on the common factors affecting this population using a common protocol and questionnaire.ResultsAn overall positive rate of HTs among adolescents across the three eastern Chinese provinces studied was found at 13.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.5–13.8%), at 14.5% (95% CI 13.3–15.7%) for females, and at 12.2% (95% CI 11.1–13.4%) for males. Gender-stratified, multiple conditional regression analyses revealed that superstitious beliefs pertaining to life, somatotype, teacher–student satisfaction, and family achievement orientation were significantly linked to HTs only in males, while left-behind adolescents, emotional and social adaptation, teacher–student support, family cohesion, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - depression scores were significantly associated with female HTs only. The models indicated that of all the independent variables studied, family medical history was the strongest impact factor for both male HTs (adjusted matched odds ratio (amOR) = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.84–4.86) and female HTs (amOR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.59–4.98).ConclusionsHTs are prevalent among adolescents in the three eastern Chinese provinces studied. Gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of HTs are significant in adolescents, and HTs seem to affect more females than males. Therefore, sex-specific intervention programs against HTs in adolescents should be considered to reduce HT prevalence in adolescents by modifying influential social, school, and family factors.

The aim of this study is at examining the prevalence and impact factors of adolescent somatization tendencies (ST) across three eastern Chinese provinces. A multicenter school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in these provinces from 2015 to 2016. The sample included 11,153 middle-school students aged 13-18 years, who were randomly selected using a multi-phase stratified cluster sampling technique. We also designed a multicenter school-based case-control study to evaluate the potential environmental impact of ST factors on this population. The overall positive rate of ST among the eastern Chinese adolescents was 12.1%. Somatic symptoms score (SSS) and positive ST rate were higher in females than males. Additionally, the SSS and positive ST rate for the 18-year-old group were significantly higher than in other age groups. In comparison to those in urban areas, adolescents in rural areas had significantly higher SSS and positive ST rate. Multiple conditional regression analyses revealed that family medical history, anxiety and depression scores; superstitious beliefs; left-behind adolescents; teacher-student support; family conflict; and family independence and achievement orientation were significantly linked to ST in adolescents. The models also indicated family medical history was the strongest impact factor to adolescent ST, even though ST were prevalent in the three studied eastern Chinese provinces. Gender, age, and dwelling differences were very significant in the SSS and positive ST rate in adolescents. This study concludes that adolescent ST are influenced by multiple environments.

To investigate the anxiety, depression, fatigue and insomnia of the entry quarantine personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the influencing factors of psychological status were also explored. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Fatigue severity scale (FSS) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) of 630 entry quarantine personnel were performed and the correlation analysis of the four types of scales was performed. The incidence rates of anxiety, depression, fatigue and insomnia were 4.76%, 20.00%, 48.57% and 22.86%, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the four indicators. Univariate analysis showed that age, education level, occupation, continent and reasons for going abroad were the main influencing factors of psychosomatic status. The lower the age group, the higher the education level, and the healthier the psychosomatic health of the entry quarantine personnel. The psychological status of international students was healthier than that of the staff. The psychological condition of the quarantined people in Asia was healthier than that in other continents. 630 entry quarantine personnel had different degrees of anxiety, depression, fatigue and insomnia, there was a positive correlation between them. Age, education level, occupation, continent and reasons for going abroad were the main influencing factors of psychological status.

In this paper, we consider interval estimation for the inverse Gaussian (IG) distribution. Using generalized pivotal quantity method, we derive the generalized confidence intervals (GCIs) for the model parameters and some quantities such as the quantile, the reliability function of the lifetime, the failure rate function, and the mean residual lifetime. We verify that the GCI of the scale parameter is the same as its commonly used exact CI. We also obtain the generalized prediction intervals (GPIs) for future failure times based on the observed failure data set. In addition, we get the GCI for the reliability of the stress–strength model when the stress and strength variables follow the IG distributions with different parameters. We compare the proposed GCIs and GPIs with the Wald CIs and bootstrap‐p CIs by simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed GCIs and GPIs are superior to the Wald CIs and the bootstrap‐p CIs in terms of the coverage probability. Finally, two examples are used to illustrate the proposed procedures.