A group of dendrimers with oligo‐carbazole dendrons appended at 4,4′‐ positions of biphenyl core are synthesized for use as host materials for solution‐processible phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). In comparison with the traditional small molecular host 4,4′‐N,N′‐dicarbazolebiphenyl (CBP), the dendritic conformation affords these materials extra merits including amorphous nature with extremely high glass transition temperatures (ca. 376 °C) and solution‐processibility, but inherent the identical triplet energies (2.60–2.62 eV). In comparison with the widely‐used polymeric host polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), these dendrimers possess much higher HOMO levels (–5.61 to –5.42 eV) that facilitate efficient hole injection and are favorable for high power efficiency in OLEDs. The agreeable properties and the solution‐processibility of these dendrimers makes it possible to fabricate highly efficient PHOLEDs by spin coating with the dendimers as phosphorescent hosts. The green PHOLED containing Ir(ppy)3 (Hppy = 2‐phenyl‐pyridine) dopant exhibits high peak efficiencies of 38.71 cd A−1 and 15.69 lm W−1, which far exceed those of the control device with the PVK host (27.70 cd A−1 and 9.6 lm W−1) and are among the best results for solution‐processed green PHOLEDs ever reported. The versatility of these dendrimer hosts can be spread to orange PHOLEDs and high efficiencies of 32.22 cd A−1 and 20.23 lm W−1 are obtained, among the best ever reported for solution‐processed orange PHOLEDs.
4,4 0 -biphenyl (CBP) is one of the most successful uni-polar host materials for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). We report the synthesis and properties of one novel CBP derivative, CBP-CN, with two cyano groups (CN) at the 3-site of carbazole rings. The strong electron-withdrawing CN group was introduced with the expectation to promote electron-injecting/transporting abilities and to achieve bipolar features for CBP-CN. In comparison with the parent CBP, CBP-CN possesses lowered HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) levels and dramatically increased T g (glass transition temperature, 162 C), but unaltered HOMO-LUMO band gap and triplet energy (2.69 eV). Green and red PhOLEDs were fabricated with CBP-CN as hosts for traditional iridium phosphors. The maximum luminance efficiency (h L ) of 80.61 cd A À1 (23.13%) was achieved for the green PhOLED, and 10.67 cd A À1 (15.54%) for the red one, which represent efficiency increases of 25-33% compared with those of the best devices with CBP host and are even among the best data for phosphorescent OLEDs reported so far. The theoretical calculation and the carrier-only devices investigation confirmed that the electron-injecting/-transporting character and the bipolar nature of CBP-CN should be responsible for the performance enhancements.
In this paper, we report a microcapsule embedded PNIPAN in P (TPC-EDA) shell and it can be regarded as an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure, which can accelerate the penetration of oily substances at a certain temperature, and the microcapsules are highly monodisperse and dimensionally reproducible. The proposed microcapsules were fabricated in a three-step process. The first step was the optimization of the conditions for preparing oil in water emulsions by microfluidic device. In the second step, monodisperse polyethylene terephthaloyl-ethylenediamine (P(TPC-EDA)) microcapsules were prepared by interfacial polymerization. In the third step, the final microcapsules with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure in P(TPC-EDA) shells were finished by free radical polymerization. We conducted careful data analysis on the size of the emulsion prepared by microfluidic technology and used a very intuitive functional relationship to show the production characteristics of microfluidics, which is rarely seen in other literatures. The results show that when the IPN-structured system swelled for 6 h, the adsorption capacity of kerosene was the largest, which was promising for water–oil separation or extraction and separation of hydrophobic drugs. Because we used microfluidic technology, the products obtained have good monodispersity and are expected to be produced in large quantities in industry.
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