Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is an implantation mycosis characterized by the presence of pigmented muriform cells in tissue. CBM is endemic in Taiwan, but only three formal cases have been reported to date because of underreporting. To describe and update its epidemiologic features, we report a series of 30 cases between 2003 and 2016 at a single medical center. Patients were predominately male (2.75:1). The mean age of onset was 65.9 years, and disease duration ranged from 2 months to 20 years. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity, and extremities were the most frequent sites of involvement. The lesions presented as papuloplaque, verrucous, cicatricial, targetoid, or mixed types. The dermoscopic features were variable, including red dots, white vague areas, black globules, and sand-like patterns. Among 10 Fonsecaea isolates further identified by sequencing the ITS regions of ribosomal DNA, nine were F. monophora and one was F. nubica. All but one patient received either systemic antifungal agents, surgical excision, or both. Surgical excision achieved a higher complete remission rate than the other forms of treatment did.

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Phaeohyphomycosis is an infection caused by a heterogeneous group of melanized fungi. Human infections due to members of genus Exophiala are rare but may occur at any part of the body. We herein report a case of an 85-year-old male with a history of bullous pemphigoid who presented with a chronic, non-healing wound on his right dorsal hand for a month. Direct microscopy of a pus sample from the base of the ulcer revealed strands of pigmented, moniliform hyphae. The isolate was identified as E. oligosperma based on morphological characters and sequencing of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and partial beta-tubulin gene. The patient received a three-month course of oral itraconazole with no recurrence.

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Scleromyxedema (SM) was previously known to be associated with monoclonal gammopathy. The association of SM and its counterpart lichen myxedematosus (LM) with chronic hepatitis has rarely been reported. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and histopathological reports of consecutive patients who presented at our department with the diagnosis of SM or LM from January 2001 to September 2017. The patients’ demographic details, cutaneous presentation, associated underlying diseases and hepatitic profile were studied and compared with previous published cases. In all, 28 patients were enrolled, including one SM, 19 LM and eight atypical LM. Of the patients, 50% (n = 14/28) had hepatitis. Of these, 21.4% (n = 6/28) had hepatitis C, 10.7% (n = 3/28) hepatitis B, 7.1% (n = 2/28) concurrent hepatitis B and C, whereas 10.7% (n = 3/28) had alcoholic liver disease. The prevalence of hepatitis C in our patients was 6.5‐times higher than that of the general population (28.6% vs 4.4%) and the prevalence of hepatitis B was similar (17.9% vs 17.3%). Polyclonal gammopathy was found in 28.6% (n = 8/28) of the patients and monoclonal gammopathy was found in 7.1% (n = 2/28). The extent of clonality did not correlate with disease severity. Our study did not notice a significant association with monoclonal gammopathy but the prevalence of hepatitis C was found to increase 6.5‐times in these patients compared with the general population. We recommend dermatologists to be aware of hepatitis investigations in such patients and future studies are warranted to understand the mechanism behind such association.