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Anterior open bite cases are very challenging to manage due to the high relapse potential associated with this feature of malocclusion. It is helpful if the aetiology is established before embarking on treatment to ensure that the appropriate treatment modalities are carried out. Determining whether the aetiology of an anterior open bite is caused by an ‘endogenous tongue thrust’ is extremely difficult. In particular, differentiating between an adaptive and endogenous tongue thrust can be extremely challenging. The case study presented explores the clinical considerations when diagnosing and treating anterior open bites. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This report raises the question: is it possible to diagnose an endogenous tongue thrust?

Foreign bodies in the nasal cavity are common amongst young children as they begin to explore their senses. The occurrence in teenagers often goes unreported from a fear of embarrassment therefore resulting in a delay in presentation or until they become symptomatic. The sequelae of foreign bodies in the nasal cavity include prudent discharge, epistaxis, sinusitis and respiratory symptoms. If left untreated this can lead to mucosal necrosis, cutaneous fistula, rhinolith formation and chronic pain. Here, two patients who had foreign bodies in their nasal cavity, which were only discovered as an incidental finding as part of their orthodontic assessment, are reported. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be mindful of the sequelae of foreign bodies in the nasal cavity and the need for thorough assessment of radiographic investigations, particularly in children.