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TVT-O tape results in a less acute angle and localises to a more distal part of the urethra, resulting in less urethral compression and a lower rate of urethral dynamic kinking.

Objective To evaluate influences of various factors on the types and intensity of postoperative pain following gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Study Design Cross-sectional questionnaire and chart review. Results A total of 84 questionnaires were distributed and returned. The types of postlaparoscopic pain are different in multiparous women and nulliparous ones (71.43% surgical wound pain versus 63.64% nonsurgical wound pain, p = 0.0033) and those with striae gravidarum and without striae gravidarum (93.94% surgical wound pain versus 52.94% nonsurgical wound pain, p < 0.0001). On postoperative day 1, the average VAS score is higher in nonsurgical wound pain than in surgical wound pain (5.62 ± 1.50 versus 3.51 ± 1.68, p < 0.0001). The CO2 removal procedure has a significant negative correlation with the VAS of nonsurgical wound pain (coefficient: −0.4339, p = 0.0187). Conclusion Our study suggests that women with abdominal rigidity (nulliparous, no striae gravidarum) experience mainly nonsurgical wound pain, while women with abdominal wall laxity mostly experience surgical wound pain. The VAS score of nonsurgical wound pain is greater than surgical wound pain on postoperative day 1. The CO2 removal procedure has negative correlation to the VAS score of nonsurgical wound pain on postoperative day 1.

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Rationale Melamine is ubiquitously present in our daily life. It has a known effect on the kidneys, but it may also adversely affect the reproduction system. We have developed an analytical method for measuring melamine levels in maternal placenta and correlated these levels with melamine concentrations in urine, a necessary step in finding out if melamine might cross the placenta and enter the circulation of the fetus. Methods We used liquid–liquid extraction, clean up by solid‐phase extraction (SPE), and isotope‐dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to measure melamine in placenta specimens. The results of this method were assessed for linearity, limits of quantitation (LOQs), and intra‐ and inter‐assay precision as well as accuracy, matrix effect, and recovery rate. Results Calibration curves indicated good linearity (r >0.995) over concentrations ranging from 5 to 500 ng/mL in placenta specimens, intra‐ and inter‐assay precision from 0.89% to 27.07%, and accuracy from 92.4% to123.5%. Recovery ranged from 63.9 to 83.9%, and the LOQ was 5 ng/mL in placenta (0.2 g). Placental melamine levels ranged from 7.87 to19.64 ng/mL, all detectable (n = 8). Pregnant women with higher levels of urinary melamine had higher placenta melamine levels than those with non‐detectable urinary melamine, though the results were not significantly different (p = 0.149, n = 4 in each group). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that pregnant women were exposed to low doses of melamine in their daily lives as measured in urine samples and placenta specimens. It is unclear whether placenta melamine concentrations can better represent long‐term exposure than urine or whether melamine in the uterus can enter the fetus via this route.

Ovariectomy following birth trauma may synergistically impact the function of urinary tract, this being possibly related to the modification of the gene expression of muscarinic receptors.

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