Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and accounts for 60% to 80% of all dementias among the elderly. 1,2 The pathophysiology of AD has been associated with the extracellular deposition of amyloidb protein in brain tissues, resulting in disrupted synaptic connectivity and tau protein hyperphosphorylation, which in turn leads to intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. 2,3 The resultant pathophysiological changes cause neuronal loss and progressive atrophy of cortical areas (including hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala). 4,5 The degree of impairment tends to deteriorate as AD progresses and is primarily expressed as reduced cognitive and physical abilities in daily activities. 6

We herein report two female cases, aged 1 and 1.5 months, of inguinal sliding hernias containing the uterus, fallopian tube, and ovary. The diagnosis of inguinal hernia with uterus and uterine adnexa was highly suspected preoperatively by ultrasonography and was confirmed during surgical correction. Freeing the attachment of fallopian tube and uterus from the sac and with reduction of the uterus, ovary, and fallopian tube back to the peritoneal cavity, high ligation of the hernia sac was performed in these cases. In conclusion, the hernia sac containing fallopian tube, ovary, and uterus in the female is very rare. We present our experience of treatment with these rare cases and suggest that sonography be performed routinely in female infants with an inguinal hernia containing a palpable movable mass.

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This study was to evaluate the utilization of long-term care service resources by caregivers of patients with dementia (PWD) and to determine affecting factors. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 dyads were enrolled and caregivers responded to the questionnaires. We found 40% of caregivers not using any care resources. Between those caregivers using and not-using care resources, we found differences (p < 0.05) in their health status and living conditions; the difference (p < 0.05) was also found in patients’ behavior and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The frequency of BPSD (OR = 1.045, p = 0.016, 95% CI = 1.001–1.083) and the living conditions (OR = 3.519, p = 0.007, 95% CI = 1.414–8.759) were related to their use of care resources. Particular BPSDs, such as anxiety or restlessness, throwaway food, aggressive behavior, tearing of clothes, and sexual harassment of patients were related to the caregivers’ use of care resources (p < 0.01). Health professionals have to evaluate the patients’ BPSD and identify the caregivers’ essential needs. Individualized medical care and BPSD-related care resources should be provided for patients and caregivers for taking off their care burden and improving patient care.