A scheme for the improvement of proton beam quality by the optimized dragging field from the interaction of ultraintense laser pulse with a complex double-layer target is proposed and demonstrated by one-dimensional particle-in-cell (Opic1D) simulations. The complex double-layer target consists of an overdense proton thin foil followed by a mixed hydrocarbon (CH) underdense plasma. Because of the existence of carbon ions, the dragging field in the mixed CH underdense plasma becomes stronger and flatter in the location of the proton beam than that in a pure hydrogen (H) underdense plasma. The optimized dragging field can keep trapping and accelerating protons in the mixed CH underdense target to high quality. Consequently, the energy spread of the proton beam in the mixed CH underdense plasma can be greatly reduced down to 2.6% and average energy of protons can reach to 9 GeV with circularly polarized lasers at intensities 2.74 × 1022 W/cm2.
A synthesis of the calorimetric and photoelectric method on the high energy laser beams measurement is presented. Data fusion of the two kinds of detector units is achieved with real-time scaling onsite. A set of compound diagnostic system is developed for the large area laser beam intensity distribution measurement, which is mainly composed of 256 calorimetric detectors, 120 photoelectric detectors, multi-channel data sampling module and one central processing computer. The total energy of the laser beam is accurately measured with calorimetric detectors, and the spatial intensity distribution with high temporal resolution is given by the photoelectric detectors. With the merits of energy accuracy and the temporal resolution based on the two kinds of detector units, the compound diagnostic system can be used to measure accurately the far-field temporal and spatial distribution of high energy laser beams.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.