Herein we demonstrate first report on fabrication, characterization, and adsorptive appraisal of graphene/cellulose nanofibers (GO/CNFs) monolith for methylene blue (MB) dye. Series of hybrid monolith (GO/CNFs) were assembled via urea assisted selfassembly method. Hybrid materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric curve analysis, specific surface area, surface charge density measurement, and compressional mechanical analysis. It was proposed that strong chemical interaction (mainly hydrogen bonding) was responsible for the formation of hybrid assembly. GO/CNFs monolith showed mechanically robust architecture with tunable pore structure and surface properties. GO/CNFs adsorbent could completely remove trace to moderate concentrations of MB dye and follow pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Adsorption isotherm behaviors were found in the following order: Langmuir isotherm > Freundlich isotherm > Temkin isotherm model. Maximum adsorption capacity of 227.27 mg g −1 was achieved which is much higher than reported graphene based monoliths and magnetic adsorbent. Incorporation of nanocellulose follows exponential relationship with dye uptake capacities. High surface charge density and specific surface area were main dye adsorptive mechanism. Regeneration and recycling efficiency was achieved up to four consecutive cycles with costeffective recollection and zero recontamination of treated water.
The environmental burden of food waste (FW) disposal
coupled with
natural resource scarcity has aroused interest in FW valorization;
however, transforming FW into valuable products remains a challenge
because of its heterogeneous nature. In this study, a two-stage method
involving black soldier fly (BSF)-based insect pretreatment and subsequent
hydrothermal catalysis over a single-atom cerium-incorporated hydroxyapatite
(Ce-HAP) was explored to convert FW into high added-value furfurals
(furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural). FW consisting of cereal, vegetables,
meat, eggs, oil, and salt was initially degraded by BSF larvae to
generate homogeneous BSF biomass, and then, crucial parameters impacting
the conversion of BSF biomass into furfurals were investigated. Under
the optimized conditions, 9.3 wt % yield of furfurals was attained,
and repeated trials confirmed the recyclability of Ce-HAP. It was
proved that the revenue of furfural production from FW by this two-stage
method ranged from 3.14 to 584.4 USD/tonne. This study provides a
potential technical orientation for FW resource utilization.
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