Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a potential treatment for many intestinal diseases. In dogs, FMT has been shown to have positive regulation effects in treating Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis, acute diarrhea (AD), and acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS). FMT involves transplanting the functional components of a donor’s feces into the gastrointestinal tract of the recipient. The effective components of FMT not only include commensal bacteria, but also include viruses, fungi, bacterial metabolites, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) from the donor feces. By affecting microbiota and regulating host immunity, these components can help the recipient to restore their microbial community, improve their intestinal barrier, and induce anti-inflammation in their intestines, thereby affecting the development of diseases. In addition to the above components, mucin proteins and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) may be functional ingredients in FMT as well. In addition to the abovementioned indications, FMT is also thought to be useful in treating some other diseases in dogs. Consequently, when preparing FMT fecal material, it is important to preserve the functional components involved. Meanwhile, appropriate fecal material delivery methods should be chosen according to the mechanisms these components act by in FMT.
The digital terrestrial television multimedia broadcasting -advanced (DTMB-A) system demands an accurate and reliable spectrum sensing method for its implementation. In this paper, an effective method based on weighted autocorrelation of the frame headers is proposed for single-node spectrum sensing in DTMB-A. The decision threshold, lower bounds and miss detection rate of the proposed method are researched in detail. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method shows better sensing accuracy and robustness compared with the existing methods under various channels, while the cost of its higher complexity is acceptable. Furthermore, by using piecewise-weighted information fusion, the proposed method is extended into cooperative spectrum sensing to overcome the problems of shading and hidden terminals in networking. Our work ensures the efficiency of spectrum sensing and contributes to the better use of DTMB-A system in future applications.
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