Genetic differentiation, genetic exchange, and influence of natural geographic barrier on the genetic structure of 20 geo-populations of Odontotermes formosanus sampled from different regions in Anhui province, China were detected using ISSR. Seventy-nine polymorphic loci were detected with nine ISSR primers, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 87.78%. The average number of alleles per locus was 1.8778 ± 0.3294, and the effective number of alleles was 1.4741 ± 0.3438. The Nei′s gene diversity and Shannon information index were 0.2832 ± 0.1696 and 0.4307 ± 0.2274, respectively. All the populations were divided into two groups through UPGMA clustering analysis based on Nei's genetic distance. One group comprised geo-populations A, C, and J, and the other group consisted of the remaining clusters. Mantel test results revealed no significant correlation between genetic similarity and geographical distance, as well as between elevation. High levels of genetic diversity, genetic mutation, and genetic differentiation were also detected among the geo-populations of O. formosanus. This study revealed the gene flow and possible migration paths of O. formosanus, which are necessary for continuous monitoring and prevention of this species.
Background: The experimental materials were a 60-year-old tea tree (cv. Shu Cha Zao; SCZ) (the mother plant), and 1-year-old and 20-year old plants of SCZ that originated as cuttings from the mother plant. The aim of this study was to explore the spatial and dynamic distribution of endophytic fungi in different leaf niches (upper leaves, middle leaves, lower leaves) and rhizosphere soil on tea plants (Camellia sinensis) which with different ages in the same garden by high-throughput sequencing.Results: In this study, Ascomycota (83.77%), Basidiomycota (11.71%), and Zygomycota (3.45%) were the three dominant fungal phyla in all samples. Cladosporium (12.73%), Zymoseptoria (9.18%), and Strelitziana (13.11%) were the dominant genera in the leaf. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that endophytic communities in leaves differed from those in rhizosphere soil and different leaf niches had similar fungal diversity. Shannon’s indices and NMDS analysis indicated significant differences in fungal diversity and composition among the SCZ trees of different ages (p≤0.01). The abundance of Cladosporium and Zymoseptoria decreased with increasing SCZ age, whereas the abundance of Strelitziana increased.Conclusions: Our results illustrate the variation in endophytic fungi among different niches on tea plants of different ages. The distribution of endophytic fungi in leaves of C. Sinensis (cv. Shu Cha Zao) has a certain spatiotemporal variation.
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