New ternary composites of MnO2 nanorods, polyaniline (PANI) and graphene oxide (GO) have been prepared by a two-step process. The 100 nm-long MnO2 nanorods with a diameter ~20 nm are conformably coated with PANI layers and fastened between GO layers. The MnO2 nanorods incorporated ternary composites electrode exhibits significantly increased specific capacitance than PANI/GO binary composite in supercapacitors. The ternary composite with 70% MnO2 exhibits a highest specific capacitance reaching 512 F/g and outstanding cycling performance, with ~97% capacitance retained over 5000 cycles. The ternary composite approach offers an effective solution to enhance the device performance of metal-oxide based supercapacitors for long cycling applications.
Flame-retardant (FR)
cotton fabrics were successfully prepared
with the reactive product of (3-piperazinylpropyl)methyldimethoxysilane
and phytic acid, denoted as GPA, through a quick dip-coating technology.
The structure, surface micromorphologies, thermal degradation properties,
flame retardancy, and combustion properties of samples were assessed.
GPA was successfully deposited on the surface of cotton fabrics, which
was proved by the results of Fourier-transform infrared analysis as
well as scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive
spectrometry (SEM–EDS). During a vertical burning test, FR
cotton-3, with an increased mass of 14.33 wt %, immediately extinguished
after removing the igniter, while the control was entirely burned.
The deposition of GPA to create flame-retardant cotton fabrics led
to the serious decrease of heat release rate and total heat release.
The promoted flame retardancy resulted from the formed thermally stable
residues on the surface of cotton fabrics, which held back mass/heat
transfer. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier-transform
infrared analysis (TG–FTIR) results indicated that flame-retardant
cotton fabrics released more nonflammable gases (H2O and
NH3) and less flammable gases than the control. According
to the results of TG–FTIR, SEM–EDS, and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, the mechanism of the flame retardancy of GPA on the
cotton fabrics was proposed.
Sandwich-structured hierarchical (MnO2, PPy)/rGO nanosheets composites exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 404 F g−1 and ∼91% of capacitance retention over 5000 cycling.
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