Summary An influential striatal model postulates that neural activities in the striatal direct and indirect pathways promote and inhibit movement, respectively. Normal behavior requires coordinated activity in the direct pathway to facilitate intended locomotion and indirect pathway to inhibit unwanted locomotion. In this striatal model, neuronal population activity is assumed to encode locomotion relevant information. Here, we propose a novel encoding mechanism for the dorsal striatum. We identified spatially compact neural clusters in both the direct and indirect pathways. Detailed characterization revealed similar cluster organization between the direct and indirect pathways, and cluster activities from both pathways were correlated with mouse locomotion velocities. Using machine-learning algorithms, cluster activities could be used to decode locomotion relevant behavioral states and locomotion velocity. We propose that neural clusters in the dorsal striatum encode locomotion relevant information, and that coordinated activities of direct and indirect pathway neural clusters are required for normal striatal controlled behavior.

The ternary strategy, introducing a third component into a binary blend, opens a simple and promising avenue to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). The judicious selection of an appropriate third component, without sacrificing the photocurrent and voltage output of the OSC, is of significant importance in ternary devices. Herein, highly efficient OSCs fabricated using a ternary approach are demonstrated, wherein a novel non‐fullerene acceptor L8‐BO‐F is designed and incorporated into the PM6:BTP‐eC9 blend. The three components show complementary absorption spectra and cascade energy alignment. L8‐BO‐F and BTP‐eC9 are found to form a homogeneous mixed phase, which improves the molecular packing of both the donor and acceptor materials, and optimizes the ternary blend morphology. Moreover, the addition of L8‐BO‐F into the binary blend suppresses the non‐radiative recombination, thus leading to a reduced voltage loss. Consequently, concurrent increases in open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and fill factor are realized, resulting in an unprecedented PCE of 18.66% (certified value of 18.2%), which represents the highest efficiency values reported for both single‐junction and tandem OSCs so far.

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Ternary strategy has been proved to be an efficient approach to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, little attention has been paid to deriving...

This review summarized recent progress in skin-inspired electronic devices and their applications in human health monitoring and therapy systems.

The development of organic solar cells (OSCs) with thick active layers is of crucial importance for the roll-to-roll printing of large-area solar panels. Unfortunately, increasing the active layer thickness usually results in a significant reduction in efficiency. Herein, we fabricated efficient thick-film OSCs with an active layer consisting of one polymer donor and two non-fullerene acceptors. The two acceptors were found to possess enlarged exciton diffusion length in the mixed phase, which is beneficial to exciton generation and dissociation. Additionally, layer by layer approach was employed to optimize the vertical phase separation. Benefiting from the synergetic effects of enlarged exciton diffusion length and graded vertical phase separation, an efficiency of 17.31% (certified value of 16.9%) is obtained for the 300 nm-thick OSC, with a short-circuit current density of 28.36 mA cm−2, and a high fill factor of 73.0%. Moreover, the device with an active layer thickness of 500 nm also shows an efficiency of 15.21%. This work provides valuable insights into the fabrication of OSCs with thick active layers.

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of small molecule acceptor (SMA)‐based organic solar cells have already exceeded 18%. However, the development of polymer acceptors still lags far behind their SMA counterparts mainly due to the lack of efficient polymer acceptors. Herein, a series of polymer acceptors named PY‐X (with X being the branched alkyl chain) are designed and synthesized by employing the same central core with the SMA L8‐BO but with different branched alkyl chains on the pyrrole motif. It is found that the molecular packing of SMA‐HD featuring 2‐hexyldecyl side chain used in the synthesis of PY‐HD is similar to L8‐BO, in which the branched alkyl chains lead to condensed and high‐order molecular assembly in SMA‐HD molecules. When combined with PM6, PY‐HD‐based all polymer solar cell (all‐PSC) exhibits a high PCE of 16.41%, representing the highest efficiency for the binary all‐PSCs. Moreover, the side‐chain modification on the pyrrole site position further improves the performance of the all‐PSCs, and the PY‐DT‐based device delivers a new record high efficiency of 16.76% (certified as 16.3%). The work provides new insights for understanding the structure–property relationship of polymer acceptors and paves a feasible avenue to develop efficient conjugated polymer acceptors.

A series of polymer acceptors have been synthesized. The optical and electronic properties of the copolymers can be well-tuned via a random copolymerization strategy. The best-performing PY-82-based binary device produces a record-high efficiency of 17.15%.