Background and ObjectivesThe NIH Toolbox® for the Assessment of Neurologic and Behavioral Function is a compilation of computerized measures designed to assess sensory, motor, emotional, and cognitive functioning of individuals across the life span. The NIH Toolbox was initially developed for use with the general population and was not originally validated in clinical populations. The objective of this scoping review was to assess the extent to which the NIH Toolbox has been used with clinical populations.MethodsGuided by the Joanna Briggs Methods Manual for Scoping Reviews, records were identified through searches of PubMed MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global (2008–2020). Database searches yielded 5,693 unique titles of original research that used at least one NIH Toolbox assessment in a sample characterized by any clinical diagnosis. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for inclusion in duplicate. Conflicts at each stage of the review process were resolved by a group discussion.ResultsUltimately, 281 publication records were included in this scoping review (nJournal Articles = 104, nConference Abstracts = 84, nClinical Trial Registrations = 86, and nTheses/Dissertations = 7). The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery was by far the most used of the 4 batteries in the measurement system (nCognition = 225, nEmotion = 49, nMotor = 29, and nSensation = 16). The most represented clinical category was neurologic disorders (n = 111), followed by psychological disorders (n = 39) and cancer (n = 31). Most (96.8%) of the journal articles and conference abstracts reporting the use of NIH Toolbox measures with clinical samples were published in 2015 or later. As of May 2021, these records had been cited a total of nearly 1,000 times.DiscussionThe NIH Toolbox measures have been widely used among individuals with various clinical conditions across the life span. Our results lay the groundwork to support the feasibility and utility of administering the NIH Toolbox measures in research conducted with clinical populations and further suggest that these measures may be of value for implementation in fast-paced clinical settings as part of routine practice.
Objectives To investigate the trends in clinical study on rheumatoid arthritis in all academic fields in Korea. Methods We searched seven Korean web databases for clinical studies published from 2008 to 2021. All identified studies were reviewed and classified by the year of publication, academic field, and study design. Results A total of 347 clinical studies were selected. An average of 26.7 studies were published each year. Regarding the distribution of studies by academic fields, 309 studies were published in the medical field and 17 studies were published during the same period in Korean medicine, and 21 studies were published in other fields. The distribution of studies by study design was as follows: 8 studies, meta-analyses; 5 studies, systematic reviews; 16 studies, experimental studies; and 318 studies, observational studies. Conclusions Multidisciplinary access and management are required for the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, effective management of disease progression, and prevention of rheumatoid joint deformities. Additionally, study design with high-level of evidence on the intervention of rheumatoid arthritis are warranted.
A 38-year-old Korean man without any other history was diagnosed with myelopathy due to a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Following embolization and high-dose steroid therapy, the patient was treated with complex Korean medical therapies including acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, electro-acupuncture, Chuna manual therapy, herbal medicine, and cupping therapy in addition to conventional treatment. To assess the patient's improvement, international standard for neurological classification of spinal cord injury, Korean version of modified Barthel index, functional independence measure, spinal cord independence measure III, walking index for spinal cord injury II, modified Ashworth scale were used. After treatment, the muscle strength and sensory function of the lower extremities were improved, and the spasticity was reduced, resulting in a rapid improvement in performance of daily activities. These results suggest that complex Korean medical therapies may be effective for myelopathy, and further clinical studies are needed to clarify their effects.
Background: Patients with chronic diseases require ongoing treatment, and caregivers face financial burdens as well as psychological and physical difficulties. However, the current healthcare system does not provide adequate systems or services to address the difficulties that patients and caregivers face. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct an observational case study in order to evaluate and improve the application of an integrative healthcare service model developed for distress management and improved quality of life in breast cancer (BC) patients and caregivers. Method: The integrative healthcare service model was intensively applied to a patient-caregiver pair in this observational study. This was followed by gathering feedback from participants and experts, as well as reflecting on the content of the feedback in order to improve the model further. Results: This study will then modify and improve the program with feedback and provide integrative medical services to a BC patient and caregiver. Conclusion: This study used the BC patients’ pain management and quality of life enhancement model, aiming to provide basic data for the establishment of a healthcare service system for patients suffering from chronic pain due to diseases such as BC by systematically integrating previously applied interventions into the current healthcare system and soliciting feedback from patients and caregivers.
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