Few studies have been conducted specifically on the dense connective tissue located in the posterior medial part of the cervical epidural space. This study was undertaken to examine the presence of this connection between the cervical dura mater and the posterior wall of spinal canal at the level of C1–C2. 30 head-neck specimens of Chinese adults were used. Gross dissection was performed on the suboccipital regions of the 20 specimens. Having been treated with the P45 plastination method, 10 specimens were sliced (9 sagittal and 1 horizontal sections). As a result, a dense fibrous band was identified in the nuchal ligament of 29 specimens (except for one horizontal section case). This fascial structure arose from the tissue of the posterior border of the nuchal ligament and then projected anteriorly and superiorly to enter the atlantoaxial interspace. It was termed as to be named ligament (TBNL). In all 30 specimens the existence of a fibrous connection was found between the posterior aspect of the cervical dura mater and the posterior wall of the spinal canal at the level of the atlas to the axis. This fibrous connection was identified as vertebrodural ligament (VDL). The VDL was mainly subdivided into three parts, and five variations of VDL were identified. These two structures, TBNL and VDL, firmly link the posterior aspect of cervical dura mater to the rear of the atlas-axis and the nuchal region. According to these findings, the authors speculated that the movements of the head and neck are likely to affect the shape of the cervical dural sleeve via the TBNL and VDL. It is hypothesized that the muscles directly associated with the cervical dural sleeve, in the suboccipital region, may work as a pump providing an important force required to move the CSF in the spinal canal.

A series of novel benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity and cytotoxicity in vitro. Strong activity against HBV replication and low cytotoxicity were generally observed in these benzimidazoles. The most promising compounds were 12a and 12b, with similar high antiviral potency (IC50 = 0.9 and 0.7 microM, respectively) and remarkable selectivity indices (>1111 and 714, respectively). They were selected for further evaluation as novel HBV inhibitors.

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A new six coordinated tetra-nuclear macrocyclic Zn(II) complex, ZnL4(Phen)2 (1) (HL= 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-pyridine-2-carbohydrazone, Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized by the self-assembly of 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-pyridine-2-carbohydrazone, Zn(CH3COO)2•2H2O, NaOH and 1,10-phenanthroline in water/ethanol (v:v = 1:3) solution. Complex 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, infra red (IR), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results show that Zn1 and Zn1b ions are six-coordinated with a distorted octahedral geometric configuration by four O atoms of two different L ligands and two N atoms of two different L ligands, Zn1a and Zn1c ions are also six-coordinated with a distorted octahedral geometric configuration by two N atoms of two different L ligands, two N atoms of Phen ligands and two O atoms of two different L ligands. Complex (1) forms 3D network structure by the - interaction. The selective oxidation reactions of benzyl alcohols catalyzed by complex (1) was investigated. The highest benzyl alcohol conversion and benzaldehyde selectivity were obtained at 100 °C for 4 h under 5 bar of O2. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

How to select different independent cloud service to compose an optimization service to satisfy user’s QoS requirement is a challenge problem. A QoS oriented particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper, which considers multiple QoS parameters in the process of service composition.

In this paper, Fourier transform (FT) is studied under a special situation in which the transform length N is less than the number of input data M. First, the corresponding Fourier transform formula is deduced, and then an implementation example is given as well as performance simulation and implementation analysis. The results show that the mixed radix FT method has less resource consumption and less processing latency compared with fast Fourier transform (FFT) and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) method, respectively. The proposed N < M FT method increases the flexibility of traditional Fourier transform algorithm.

It is difficult to assess only by qualitative approaches the impact of Chinese new housing policies on the Changsha real estate market, due to its complexity. In this paper, hence, a model was proposed to evaluate the influence of the new policies quantitatively, by introducing variables which indicate the policies. Based on the analyses, reasonable solutions and suggestions have been put forward, which could provide theoretic supports for the sustainable development of Changsha real estate.