Genus Osteobrama Heckel is characterized by strongly compressed, fairly deep body with abdominal edge sharp and trenchant entirely or from the pelvic fin base to vent; anal fin long with 14-36 rays, of which 11-13 are branched rays. The fishes of this genus are distributed in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Burma, and Yunnan (China). Present study involve six Osteobrama species viz. O. belangeri, O. cotio, O. cunma, O. feae, O. serrata sp. nov., and O. vigorsii. Out of the 655 positions analyzed in the COI sequence dataset, 171 positions (26.1%) were variable, and 151 positions (23%) were parsimoniously informative. The genetic distance between Osteobrama species ranges from 7.10% (between O. cotio and O. serrata sp. nov.) to 22.86% (between O. belangeri and O. feae) for COI sequences and 3.04% (between O. serrata sp. nov. and O. cunma) to 9.89% (between O. serrata sp. nov. and O. belangeri) for 16S sequences. Osteobrama belangeri show very high interspecies K2P distance with all other Osteobrama species for COI and 16S datasets. Best fit models for COI and 16S rRNA dataset were HKY + G + I and K2 + G, respectively. The maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees were constructed using the COI and 16S rRNA sequences.
The length‐weight relationships (LWRs) of six Nemacheilid species (Schistura chindwinica, S. fasciata, S. khugae, S. minuta, S. reticulata and S. rubrimaculata) have been analyzed. Fish samples were collected on quarterly basis from March 2018 to February 2019. Sampling was performed using cast nets (mesh size 5–10 mm; about 50 sq m area covered each time and water depth was 4 ft approx.), and electrofishing (Ultrasonic Inverter Electro Fisher, 24 volts, 4 m) in the day time. The total length (TL) of individual fish was measured to 0.1 cm with a digital caliper and body weights (BW) were measured to 0.001 g with digital electronic balances. The parameters for the LWR equations were calculated, and the respective statistics such as the 95% confidence interval for parameters “a” and “b” are provided as well as the coefficient of correlation. For five species a new maximum total length has been documented.
A new species of Garra with a rostral proboscis is described from the Barak River drainage in Manipur, India. Garra paratrilobata, new species, is distinguished from its congeners in having the combination of the following characters: a prominent trilobed proboscis, the median lobe with 5–7 uni- to tricuspid tubercles on its anterior margin and 4–6 minute tubercles on its anteroventral margin; lateral lobe of the proboscis with 3–4 minute tubercles; lateral surface of the snout lobular, with 6–9 tubercles; 33–34 lateral-line scales; and the rostral surface concave, creased and depressed.
Mustura taretensis, a new nemacheilid loach, is described from the Taret River, a tributary of the Yu River, Chindwin River drainage, Manipur, India. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by a unique combination of the following characters: body with 12–13 irregular dark-brown blotches or bars on flank, alternating with 11–16 irregular dark-brown saddles on the back; dorsum of head with a distinctly visible rhomboid dark-brown mark encircling a pale oval area on the nape; dorsal fin with 9½ or 10½ branched rays; lateral line complete; a well-developed free posterior chamber of air bladder, the halves of air bladder capsules connected by a manubrium; poorly developed processus dentiformis; suborbital flap present in males; and body depth 12.8–16.0 % SL. The generic status of Mustura chindwinensis, M. dikrongensis, M. tigrina and M. tuivaiensis are also discussed in the paper.
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