Supplemental Table 1. Detailed results from the mixed-effected models with interaction terms between the treatment effect and time Outcomes Variables Coefficient (95%CI) P Value 6MWD (m) Intervention 52.7 (22.9 to 82.6) 0.001

A nanocomposite able to function as a hydrogenation catalyst under strongly acidic conditions without the presence of noble metals is synthesized and thoroughly studied. This specially designed catalyst possesses a unique structure composed of carbon nitride (CN) with underlying nickel, in which the nickel endows the CN with new active sites for hydrogen adsorption and activation while it itself is physically isolated from the reactive environment and protected from poisoning or loss. The CN is inert for hydrogenation without the help of nickel. The catalyst shows good performance for hydrogenation of nitro compounds under strong acidic conditions, including the one-step hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in 1.5 M H 2 SO 4 to produce p-amoniophenol, for which the acid in the reaction system has restricted the catalyst only to noble metals in previous studies. Further characterization has demonstrated that the nickel in the catalyst is in an electron-deficient state because some of its electron has been donated to CN (HRTEM, PES); thus, the hydrogen can be directly adsorbed and activated by the CN (HD exchange, in situ IR and NMR). With this structure, the active nickel is protected by inert CN from the corrosion of acid, and the inert CN is activated by the nickel for catalytic hydrogenation. The assembly of them gives a new catalyst that is effective and stable for hydrogenation even under a strongly acidic environment.

Mesoporous core-shell structured titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) microspheres were successfully prepared by a facile one-step hydrothermal method using polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 2000) as the soft template. The products were characterized in light of the morphology and chemical composition using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The XRD patterns show that the direct hydrothermal synthesized product is anatase titanium dioxide. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area is 113.8 m 2 /g, and the average pore size is 5.78 nm. In addition, the morphology evolution of core-shell structured titanium dioxide with the different hydrothermal times was also studied. Research shows that the shell morphology and the core size of the core-shell TiO 2 spheres can be easily tuned by controlling the hydrothermal time through the Ostwald ripening process. A possible growth mechanism of the mesoporous core-shell structured TiO 2 hollow microspheres was also proposed in this paper.

We demonstrate here for the first time the fabrication of a novel morphology of rutile TiO(2) tapered nanotubes with rectangular cross-sections via a facile hydrothermal method using TiO(2) nanorod as the precursor. A plausible anisotropic corrosion mechanism for the formation of TiO(2) nanotubes is also proposed.

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumour progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence indicates that the lncRNA X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) is dysregulated in several tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in NSCLC and other cancers the oncogenic mechanism of XIST remains incompletely understood. Here, we confirmed that XIST is upregulated in human NSCLC specimens, and is especially overexpressed in tumors previously treated with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II); DDP). In vitro, XIST knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell growth and promoted DDP chemosensitivity by stimulating apoptosis and pyroptosis. Moreover, XIST's oncogenic effects and ability to promote DDP chemoresistance were largely related to its binding to the TGF-β effector SMAD2, which inhibited its translocation to the nucleus and prevented the transcription of p53 and NLRP3, crucial regulators of apoptosis and pyroptosis, respectively. Using DDP-resistant NSCLC cells, mouse xenograft studies verified the oncogenic function of XIST and its ability to inhibit programmed cell death, thereby mediating DDP chemoresistance. These findings suggest that XIST expression may serve as a novel biomarker to predict DDP treatment efficacy, and may help in the design of new therapies to circumvent DDP chemoresistance in NSCLC and other tumor types.

Owing to the excellent physical and chemical properties for potential application in multiple fields, design and synthesis of semiconductor titanium dioxide with tailor-made crystal facets and V-shaped porous sturcuctures have attracted great research interest. In this work, we prepared hollow anatase TiO 2 microspheres (HTS) with exposed (101) facets and V-shaped channels via a novel anisotropic etching method. The obtained HTS microspheres are constructed by two layers, the inner layer is TiO 2 nanoparticles, while the outer layer is composed of single-crystal TiO 2 nanosheets with highly exposed (101) facets and V-shaped channels. The cooperative effect of hydrogen peroxide with ammonium fluoride and an anisotropic corrosion process are proposed to understand the formation mechanism. Hydrogen peroxide decomposed to form O 2 bubbles, which acted as templates for the formation of TiO 2 microspheres with cavities. Fluorine ions were able to promote the formation of anatase (001) facets at the beginning of the reaction and then etch the (001) facets with the reaction progress, leaving highly exposed (101) facets and V-shaped channels along the [001] direction. Due to the unique structure of anatase TiO 2 (101) single crystal nanosheets and the strong light scattering effects from the V-shaped channels, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on our HTS sample have a high open voltage of 0.9 V. The optimized DSSC based on our HTS sample showed an overall light-electron conversion efficiency of 7.05% with a lower dye absorption.