Using cigarettes of different circumference but a constant packing density, the effect of circumference on the rate of formation (ratio of total delivery to the weight loss of tobacco during puffs) of various components was investigated. The rates of formation of CO and HCN increased and that of B[a]P decreased with decreasing circumference, while those of CO2, NO and vapour phase CH3CHO were independent of circumference. The differences in the effect of circumference on the rate of formation of CO, B[a]P and HCN can be explained by differences in their thermal formation during puffs.
SUMMARY• From cigarettes made of different bright tobaccos but with a constant fractional volume, the following results were obtained. The rate of formation of CO was a more influential factor determining the amount of CO in mainstream smoke than the weight loss of the cigarette during puffs. From a stepwise multiple regression analysis it was found that the rate of formation of CO was mainly dependent on the potassium content of the tobacco and could be estimated from the amounts of potassium, total carbon, and lignin. The rate of formation of eo increased with a rise in combustion temperature, which in turn rose as the potassium content of the tobacco decreased.
ZUSAMMENF ASSUNGEine Untersuchung von Zigareuen mit cinem konstanten Anteil an verschiedenen hellen Tabaksorten erbrachte folgende Ergebnisse: Die Geschwindigkeit der Bildung von Kohlenmonoxid hatte einen grOfieren Einflufi auf die im Hauptstromrauch enthaltene Menge an Kohlenmonoxid als der Gewichtsschwund der Zigarette wihrend der Rauchziige. Eine stufenweise durchgefii.hrte multiple Regressionsanalyse ergab, daB die Geschwindigkeit der Kohlenmonoxidbildung vor allem eine Funktion der im Tabak enthaltenen Kaliummenge ist und sich aus den Kalium-, Gesamtkohlenstoff-und · Ligningehalten abschitzen lafit. Die Geschwindigkeit der Bildung von Kohlenmonoxid erhOhte sich mit ansteigender Verbrennungstemperatur, welche wiederum mit abnehmendem Kaliumgehalt des Tabaks zunahm.
The forming-limit strains of cold-rolled steel sheets perforated with regularly arranged round-, square-, and cross-shaped holes were experimentally and theoretically estimated. Two types of hole arrangements, i.e. square and triangular patterns, were considered for each hole shape and the experimental forming-limit strains were determined using the hemispherical dome test (also known as Nakazima test). The theoretical forming-limit curves were computed using the finite element method with Hill's quadratic yield function and a plastic instability criterion determined from the external force power. By comparing the experimental results and theoretical calculations under proportional loading, the formability prediction performance of the theoretical approach was evaluated. It was found that although the approach is not applicable for the triangular array of cross-shaped holes, it can achieve partially acceptable prediction for the other cases.
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